1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Status: National drinking water standard exists
1,1,1-Trichloroethane is a solvent and a degreasing agent used for manufacturing metal products and as ingredient in cleaners and aerosols. Exposure to 1,1,1-trichloroethane can harm the nervous system, liver and circulatory system.
2015-2017:
FOUND
FOUND ABOVE LEGAL LIMIT
20
states detected
134
utilities detected
5.0 million
people served
0
states over legal limit
0
utilities over legal limit
0
people served over legal limit
Health concerns for 1,1,1-trichloroethane
Harm to the brain and nervous system
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL) 200 ppb
The legal limit for 1,1,1-trichloroethane, established in 1987, was based on toxicity studies conducted in laboratory animals in the 1970s and 1980s.
ppb = parts per billion
States reporting 1,1,1-trichloroethane in drinking water
| UTILITIES WITH CONTAMINATION | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| State | Utilities | People Served | |
| New York | 27 | 1,829,699 | |
| California | 17 | 1,292,116 | |
| New Jersey | 18 | 466,942 | |
| Florida | 12 | 426,682 | |
| Wisconsin | 7 | 278,491 | |
| Indiana | 5 | 190,076 | |
| Illinois | 4 | 162,257 | |
| Connecticut | 5 | 121,319 | |
| Pennsylvania | 13 | 95,224 | |
| Massachusetts | 3 | 50,342 | |
| West Virginia | 9 | 38,472 | |
| Washington | 5 | 10,219 | |
| Ohio | 1 | 6,400 | |
| Virginia | 1 | 1,975 | |
| North Carolina | 1 | 1,763 | |
| Arkansas | 1 | 1,353 | |
| North Dakota | 1 | 1,280 | |
| Vermont | 1 | 642 | |
| Alaska | 2 | 511 | |
| Nevada | 1 | 150 | |
MORE
LESS
Filtering technologies that reduce 1,1,1-trichloroethane
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Utilities with the highest amounts of 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 2015-2017
ALL UTILITIES
LARGE UTILITIES
| Utility | Location | Tests | Average level | People served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bets Water System | Oak Harbor, WA | 3 of 3 | 16.6 ppb | 50 |
| Grafton Waterworks | Grafton, WI | 35 of 75 | 5.95 ppb | 11,745 |
| Madisonburg Water Works | Madisonburg, PA | 3 of 3 | 4.32 ppb | 250 |
| Umh Valley View Danboro Mobile Home Park | Doylestown, PA | 3 of 3 | 3.37 ppb | 920 |
| Hinsdale Town Water District | Hinsdale, NY | 3 of 3 | 2.67 ppb | 350 |
| Grafton Water District* | Grafton, MA | 4 of 28 | 2.28 ppb | 10,703 |
| Coraopolis Water & Sewer Authority* | Coraopolis, PA | 4 of 5 | 2.14 ppb | 5,804 |
| Nikishka Bay | Anchorage, AK | 3 of 3 | 1.49 ppb | 470 |
| Edna Mahan Correctional | Clinton, NJ | 1 of 1 | 1.22 ppb | 1,080 |
| Mcconnellsburg Borough Municipal Authority | Mcconnellsburg, PA | 11 of 17 | 1.05 ppb | 2,000 |
| Washington Pike Psd | Wellsburg, WV | 2 of 2 | 1.01 ppb | 3,571 |
| Wellsburg, City Of* | Wellsburg, WV | 2 of 2 | 1.01 ppb | 3,468 |
| Rolla, City of | Rolla, ND | 2 of 2 | 0.950 ppb | 1,280 |
| Rainier Terrace | Olympia, WA | 4 of 4 | 0.935 ppb | 125 |
| Holden Water Division, DPW | Holden, MA | 12 of 25 | 0.920 ppb | 16,942 |
| Milford City Public Water System | Milford, OH | 9 of 19 | 0.914 ppb | 6,400 |
| Lomira Waterworks | Lomira, WI | 6 of 11 | 0.875 ppb | 2,461 |
| Birchview Properties | Fairbanks, AK | 4 of 4 | 0.750 ppb | 41 |
| Easton Water Div* | Easton, MA | 2 of 10 | 0.730 ppb | 22,697 |
| Hicksville WD | Hicksville, NY | 173 of 682 | 0.653 ppb | 48,000 |
| Olivet Public Water District | Georgetown, IL | 2 of 3 | 0.627 ppb | 325 |
| Georgetown* | Georgetown, IL | 2 of 3 | 0.627 ppb | 3,678 |
| Aberdeen Pate Water Company Inc.* | Aurora, IN | 1 of 1 | 0.500 ppb | 4,688 |
| South Huntington Water Department | South Huntington, NY | 3 of 3 | 0.492 ppb | 81,760 |
| East Middlebury Fd 1 | E Middlebury, VT | 1 of 3 | 0.433 ppb | 642 |
| Charlotte Courthouse, Town of | Charlotte Courthouse, VA | 1 of 4 | 0.375 ppb | 1,975 |
| Riverside Village | Painted Post, NY | 2 of 3 | 0.367 ppb | 492 |
| Painted Post Village* | Painted Post, NY | 2 of 3 | 0.367 ppb | 2,334 |
| Mason County Psd-camp Conley | Point Pleasant, WV | 1 of 2 | 0.350 ppb | 458 |
| Point Pleasant Water Works* | Pt. Pleasant, WV | 1 of 2 | 0.350 ppb | 5,290 |
| Cassadaga Village | Cassadaga, NY | 5 of 12 | 0.331 ppb | 760 |
| Unadilla Village | Unadilla, NY | 2 of 4 | 0.315 ppb | 1,128 |
| Upper Hanover Water Authority* | East Greenville, PA | 4 of 11 | 0.273 ppb | 4,600 |
| Mineola | Mineola, NY | 31 of 255 | 0.272 ppb | 20,600 |
| Ashwood Apartments | Chester Springs, PA | 3 of 7 | 0.257 ppb | 75 |
| Rockford | Rockford, IL | 13 of 54 | 0.252 ppb | 155,000 |
| Auburn Water System | Crestview, FL | 7 of 7 | 0.250 ppb | 22,015 |
| Indiantown Company | Indiantown, FL | 1 of 2 | 0.250 ppb | 5,000 |
| Franklin Square WD | Franklin Square, NY | 59 of 224 | 0.216 ppb | 20,000 |
| Great Oaks Water Company Inc. | San Jose, CA | 5 of 24 | 0.215 ppb | 99,199 |
| Garfield Water Department | Garfield, NJ | 13 of 42 | 0.210 ppb | 30,487 |
| Weirton Area Water Board* | Weirton, WV | 2 of 4 | 0.188 ppb | 22,694 |
| Brooke County Psd | Wellsburg, WV | 2 of 4 | 0.188 ppb | 240 |
| Oakland Psd Golden Key Acres | Weirton, WV | 2 of 4 | 0.188 ppb | 506 |
| Bethpage WD | Bethpage, NY | 75 of 496 | 0.184 ppb | 33,000 |
| Lafayette Water Works* | Lafayette, IN | 2 of 6 | 0.180 ppb | 67,140 |
| Dayton Water Utility | Dayton, IN | 2 of 6 | 0.180 ppb | 1,420 |
| Westbury WD | Westbury, NY | 46 of 175 | 0.177 ppb | 20,500 |
| Garden City | Garden City, NY | 30 of 385 | 0.168 ppb | 46,000 |
| Hempstead | Hempstead, NY | 14 of 179 | 0.157 ppb | 56,000 |
* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.
| Utility | Location | Tests | Average level | People served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grafton Waterworks | Grafton, WI | 35 of 75 | 5.95 ppb | 11,745 |
| Grafton Water District* | Grafton, MA | 4 of 28 | 2.28 ppb | 10,703 |
| Holden Water Division, DPW | Holden, MA | 12 of 25 | 0.920 ppb | 16,942 |
| Easton Water Div* | Easton, MA | 2 of 10 | 0.730 ppb | 22,697 |
| Hicksville WD | Hicksville, NY | 173 of 682 | 0.653 ppb | 48,000 |
| South Huntington Water Department | South Huntington, NY | 3 of 3 | 0.492 ppb | 81,760 |
| Mineola | Mineola, NY | 31 of 255 | 0.272 ppb | 20,600 |
| Rockford | Rockford, IL | 13 of 54 | 0.252 ppb | 155,000 |
| Auburn Water System | Crestview, FL | 7 of 7 | 0.250 ppb | 22,015 |
| Franklin Square WD | Franklin Square, NY | 59 of 224 | 0.216 ppb | 20,000 |
| Great Oaks Water Company Inc. | San Jose, CA | 5 of 24 | 0.215 ppb | 99,199 |
| Garfield Water Department | Garfield, NJ | 13 of 42 | 0.210 ppb | 30,487 |
| Weirton Area Water Board* | Weirton, WV | 2 of 4 | 0.188 ppb | 22,694 |
| Bethpage WD | Bethpage, NY | 75 of 496 | 0.184 ppb | 33,000 |
| Lafayette Water Works* | Lafayette, IN | 2 of 6 | 0.180 ppb | 67,140 |
| Westbury WD | Westbury, NY | 46 of 175 | 0.177 ppb | 20,500 |
| Garden City | Garden City, NY | 30 of 385 | 0.168 ppb | 46,000 |
| Hempstead | Hempstead, NY | 14 of 179 | 0.157 ppb | 56,000 |
| Plainview WD | Plainview, NY | 25 of 233 | 0.138 ppb | 35,000 |
| South Bend Water Works | South Bend, IN | 10 of 59 | 0.132 ppb | 112,400 |
| Manchester Water Department* | Manchester, CT | 6 of 49 | 0.0980 ppb | 51,066 |
| Paw Glen Alsace Div | Birdsboro, PA | 2 of 15 | 0.0933 ppb | 22,000 |
| City of San Jose - EVG/EDV/COY | San Jose, CA | 1 of 13 | 0.0923 ppb | 93,300 |
| San Jose Water Company* | San Jose, CA | 15 of 209 | 0.0756 ppb | 998,000 |
| San Jose State University | San Jose, CA | 15 of 209 | 0.0756 ppb | 30,000 |
| Swta - Main System* | Allentown, PA | 2 of 18 | 0.0633 ppb | 16,000 |
| Valley Water Systems, Inc. | Plainville, CT | 2 of 24 | 0.0463 ppb | 18,231 |
| Miramar (East & West) Plants | Miramar, FL | 1 of 6 | 0.0417 ppb | 128,729 |
| Hudson Waterworks | Hudson, WI | 1 of 10 | 0.0400 ppb | 17,100 |
| Moorestown Water Department | Moorestown, NJ | 5 of 16 | 0.0375 ppb | 20,700 |
| Jericho Water District | Syosset, NY | 27 of 632 | 0.0373 ppb | 58,000 |
| Suffolk County Water Authority* | Oakdale, NY | 3 of 3 | 0.0359 ppb | 1,100,000 |
| Smithtown WD | Kings Park, NY | 3 of 3 | 0.0359 ppb | 19,635 |
| St James WD | St James, NY | 3 of 3 | 0.0359 ppb | 10,587 |
| Perkasie Regional Authority | Perkasie, PA | 1 of 32 | 0.0344 ppb | 11,100 |
| Wallingford Water Department | Wallingford, CT | 1 of 17 | 0.0294 ppb | 37,267 |
| Lee County Utilities* | Fort Myers, FL | 1 of 7 | 0.0286 ppb | 236,944 |
| Port Washington WD | 38 Sqndy Hollow Rd, NY | 9 of 264 | 0.0258 ppb | 34,000 |
| NJ American Water - Western* | Jericho, NJ | 1 of 46 | 0.0196 ppb | 264,586 |
| Elmira Water Board* | Elmira, NY | 2 of 56 | 0.0191 ppb | 65,631 |
| Emmaus Borough Public Water* | Emmaus, PA | 2 of 60 | 0.0183 ppb | 14,000 |
| CTWC - Unionville System | Clinton, CT | 1 of 37 | 0.0168 ppb | 14,693 |
| South Farmingdale WD | Farmingdale, NY | 1 of 308 | 0.0136 ppb | 44,700 |
| Town of Hempstead Water Department | East Meadow, NY | 2 of 629 | 0.00447 ppb | 110,000 |
| Cedarburg L & W Commission | Cedarburg, WI | 1 of 72 | 0.00319 ppb | 11,900 |
| Madison Water Utility* | Madison, WI | 1 of 100 | 0.00280 ppb | 235,000 |
* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.