1,1-Dichloroethylene

Status: National drinking water standard exists

1,1-Dichloroethylene is used for plastics production. It damages DNA and causes cancer in laboratory animal studies.

2017-2019:

FOUND

FOUND ABOVE LEGAL LIMIT

states detected

153

utilities detected

6.5 million

people served

states over legal limit

utilities over legal limit

people served over legal limit

Health concerns for 1,1-dichloroethylene

Harm to the central nervous system

Change in body weight

Change to the liver

State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines

EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL) 7 ppb

The legal limit for 1,1-dichloroethylene, established in 1987, was based on a toxicity study conducted in laboratory animals in the 1980s.

ppb = parts per billion

States reporting 1,1-dichloroethylene in drinking water

	UTILITIES WITH CONTAMINATION
State	Utilities	People Served
California		46	3,240,242
New York		26	1,527,760
Florida		21	623,990
Nevada		2	311,972
Idaho		2	229,063
Pennsylvania		14	130,523
Georgia		2	92,167
Connecticut		6	66,837
Colorado		2	63,898
Alabama		2	52,580
Massachusetts		3	43,356
New Jersey		2	20,770
Wisconsin		2	14,206
North Carolina		7	10,185
Missouri		1	7,300
Maryland		1	6,750
Ohio		1	6,400
South Carolina		1	3,722
Louisiana		1	3,087
Texas		3	2,402
Illinois		1	970
New Hampshire		2	715
Arizona		2	318
Washington		2	242
Virginia		1	90

LESS

Filtering technologies that reduce 1,1-dichloroethylene

Utilities with the highest amounts of 1,1-dichloroethylene, 2017-2019

ALL UTILITIES

LARGE UTILITIES

Utility	Location	Tests	Average level	People served
City of Idalou	Idalou, TX	32 of 46	5.51 ppb	2,291
Page Avenue Mutual Water Company	Fullerton, CA	41 of 41	4.62 ppb	115
City of Broussard Highway 90 Water System	Broussard, LA	78 of 146	3.40 ppb	3,087
Yadkinville, Town of	Yadkinville, NC	22 of 28	3.33 ppb	4,178
Christian Life Center	Lubbock, TX	7 of 8	3.32 ppb	27
Bets Water System	Oak Harbor, WA	6 of 6	2.98 ppb	50
Ashwood Apartments	Chester Springs, PA	9 of 10	2.85 ppb	75
Upper Hanover Water Authority*	East Greenville, PA	12 of 26	2.42 ppb	4,600
Mountain View Mobile Estates LLC	Newport Beach, CA	48 of 103	2.04 ppb	250
Harbor House S/d	Charlotte, NC	1 of 9	1.84 ppb	142
Grafton Waterworks	Grafton, WI	43 of 152	1.78 ppb	11,745
California Domestic Water Company*	Whittier, CA	347 of 563	1.74 ppb	1,200
City Of Industry Waterworks Systems*	La Puente, CA	96 of 98	1.70 ppb	7,000
Pineview S/d	Denver, NC	5 of 6	1.43 ppb	58
Swan Lake Resort	New River, NJ	16 of 21	1.34 ppb	70
Higuera Apartments	San Luis Obispo, CA	1 of 1	1.20 ppb	30
Yak Co. - Crewport	Yakima, WA	10 of 14	1.16 ppb	192
N Walpole Village District/low	Bellows Falls, NH	35 of 44	1.13 ppb	600
Commerce-city, Water Department	San Jose, CA	171 of 328	1.08 ppb	3,828
Umh Arbor Estates	Doylestown, PA	5 of 6	1.000 ppb	920
Jefferson County Public Water Supply District 6	House Springs, MO	17 of 35	0.975 ppb	7,300
Montmorenci Water District	Aiken, SC	23 of 26	0.939 ppb	3,722
California Water Service Company Oak Hills	San Jose, CA	21 of 41	0.937 ppb	3,904
River Run S/d	Denver, NC	6 of 12	0.913 ppb	305
Green Meadow Estates Of Rockford Llc	Hillsborough, IL	23 of 66	0.834 ppb	970
Queen of Apostles	Monroe, NY	2 of 6	0.700 ppb	45
City of Taneytown	Taneytown, MD	15 of 43	0.697 ppb	6,750
E Greenville Borough Water Department	East Greenville, PA	6 of 12	0.692 ppb	3,100
Doylestown Borough Water Department*	Doylestown, PA	7 of 30	0.660 ppb	8,700
Wasco St. Prison Reception Center	Wasco, CA	22 of 28	0.657 ppb	5,155
Jurupa Community Services District*	Jurupa Valley, CA	71 of 206	0.616 ppb	106,907
Country Manor	Norton, CT	1 of 2	0.600 ppb	66
Cleveland Waterworks	Cleveland, GA	8 of 10	0.578 ppb	4,906
Ausable Heights Water System	Keeseville, NY	1 of 1	0.500 ppb	46
California Water Service Company - East Los Angeles	San Jose, CA	120 of 389	0.472 ppb	150,446
North La Cholla Mobile Home Park	Tucson, AZ	1 of 3	0.467 ppb	150
Cerritos - City, Water Department	Cerritos, CA	17 of 37	0.462 ppb	49,041
Pomona Water Department	Pomona, CA	444 of 1,322	0.423 ppb	151,713
Westbury WD	Westbury, NY	162 of 366	0.408 ppb	20,500
Locust Gardens Mobile Home Park	Lynchburg, VA	2 of 4	0.400 ppb	90
Coraopolis Water & Sewer Authority*	Coraopolis, PA	5 of 8	0.391 ppb	6,000
East Lyme Water & Sewer Commission*	Niantic, CT	24 of 98	0.370 ppb	15,245
Silver Cholla Mobile Home Park	Tucson, AZ	1 of 5	0.360 ppb	168
Truluck-oak Park Subdivision	Cordele, GA	8 of 12	0.359 ppb	47
South Huntington Water Department	South Huntington, NY	3 of 3	0.352 ppb	81,760
Franklin Square WD	Franklin Square, NY	30 of 143	0.349 ppb	20,000
Autumn Shadows Mobile Home Park	Bellaire, TX	4 of 7	0.343 ppb	84
Acton Water Supply District	Acton, MA	12 of 103	0.340 ppb	20,890
Middlesex Water System	Raleigh, NC	9 of 25	0.296 ppb	975
Liberty Utilities - Bellflower - Norwalk	Downey, CA	13 of 38	0.270 ppb	72,884

* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report 1,1-Dichloroethylene, but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.

Utility	Location	Tests	Average level	People served
Grafton Waterworks	Grafton, WI	43 of 152	1.78 ppb	11,745
Jurupa Community Services District*	Jurupa Valley, CA	71 of 206	0.616 ppb	106,907
California Water Service Company - East Los Angeles	San Jose, CA	120 of 389	0.472 ppb	150,446
Cerritos - City, Water Department	Cerritos, CA	17 of 37	0.462 ppb	49,041
Pomona Water Department	Pomona, CA	444 of 1,322	0.423 ppb	151,713
Westbury WD	Westbury, NY	162 of 366	0.408 ppb	20,500
East Lyme Water & Sewer Commission*	Niantic, CT	24 of 98	0.370 ppb	15,245
South Huntington Water Department	South Huntington, NY	3 of 3	0.352 ppb	81,760
Franklin Square WD	Franklin Square, NY	30 of 143	0.349 ppb	20,000
Acton Water Supply District	Acton, MA	12 of 103	0.340 ppb	20,890
Liberty Utilities - Bellflower - Norwalk	Downey, CA	13 of 38	0.270 ppb	72,884
La Verne WD	La Verne, CA	26 of 75	0.266 ppb	32,230
Golden State Water Company (GSWC) - Bell, Bell Gardens	Rancho Cordova, CA	84 of 320	0.250 ppb	57,934
Burlington Water Department	Burlington, MA	4 of 41	0.237 ppb	25,392
City of Porterville	Porterville, CA	32 of 122	0.191 ppb	55,107
Perkasie Regional Authority	Sellersville, PA	12 of 57	0.177 ppb	15,000
Golden State Water Company (GSWC) - Artesia	Rancho Cordova, CA	6 of 28	0.160 ppb	47,978
South Gate Water Department	South Gate, CA	16 of 62	0.155 ppb	96,057
Garfield Water Department	Garfield, NJ	17 of 83	0.141 ppb	30,487
Moorestown Water Department	Moorestown, NJ	12 of 27	0.138 ppb	20,700
US Army Aviation and Missile Command	Redstone Arsenal, AL	2 of 13	0.130 ppb	38,700
Warminster Municipal Authority*	Warminster, PA	1 of 55	0.118 ppb	40,000
Golden State Water Company (GSWC) - Claremont	San Dimas, CA	25 of 262	0.115 ppb	37,160
Auburn Water District	Auburn, MA	7 of 49	0.108 ppb	11,763
Grafton Water District*	Grafton, MA	6 of 58	0.104 ppb	10,703
City of Anaheim	Anaheim, CA	28 of 334	0.103 ppb	450,000
City of Buena Park	Buena Park, CA	10 of 70	0.0986 ppb	82,450
Manchester Water Department*	Manchester, CT	11 of 98	0.0980 ppb	51,066
Camrosa Water District	Camarillo, CA	2 of 14	0.0929 ppb	30,000
East Pasadena Water Company	Pasadena, CA	85 of 779	0.0902 ppb	10,978
City of Loma Linda	Loma Linda, CA	3 of 25	0.0880 ppb	23,261
City of Chino Hills	Chino Hills, CA	1 of 9	0.0811 ppb	75,655
Tract 180 Mutual Water Company	Cudahy, CA	5 of 39	0.0805 ppb	14,000
Riviera Beach Utility District*	Riviera Beach, FL	6 of 47	0.0758 ppb	34,700
Monrovia Water Department	Monrovia, CA	14 of 120	0.0726 ppb	36,590
City of Fullerton	Fullerton, CA	27 of 572	0.0605 ppb	138,251
Paw Glen Alsace Div	Birdsboro, PA	1 of 34	0.0559 ppb	24,951
Jonesboro Water System*	Jonesboro, AR	2 of 29	0.0431 ppb	79,864
Ambler Boro Water Dept	Ambler, PA	10 of 152	0.0428 ppb	20,000
Town of Hempstead Water Department	East Meadow, NY	10 of 721	0.0300 ppb	110,000
Montgomery Water Works*	Montgomery, AL	2 of 56	0.0300 ppb	231,354
South Farmingdale WD	Farmingdale, NY	1 of 639	0.0263 ppb	44,700
Emerald Coast Utilities Authority*	Pensacola, FL	18 of 325	0.0258 ppb	255,884
City of Edmond - Arcadia Lake*	Arcadia, OK	2 of 56	0.0248 ppb	79,408
Lynwood Water Department	Lynwood, CA	1 of 27	0.0230 ppb	71,297
City of Fresno*	Fresno, CA	29 of 1,831	0.0222 ppb	522,352
Jackson Water System	Jackson, TN	12 of 485	0.0197 ppb	95,501
Lee County Utilities*	Fort Myers, FL	2 of 18	0.0194 ppb	251,502
Gateway Services District	Fort Myers, FL	2 of 18	0.0194 ppb	12,717
San Jose State University	San Jose, CA	10 of 379	0.0183 ppb	30,000