1,1-Dichloroethylene
Status: National drinking water standard exists
1,1-Dichloroethylene is used for plastics production. It damages DNA and causes cancer in laboratory animal studies.
2015:
23
states detected
100
utilities detected
4.0 million
people served
0
states over legal limit
0
utilities over legal limit
0
people served over legal limit
Health concerns for 1,1-dichloroethylene
Harm to the central nervous system
Change in body weight
Change to the liver
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL) 7 ppb
The enforceable federal standard that defines the highest level of a contaminant allowed in drinking water.
ppb = parts per billion.
EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level Goal (MCLG)7 ppb
A non-enforceable federal health guideline. For cancer-causing chemicals, these health goals are typically set to zero.
ppb = parts per billion.
States reporting 1,1-dichloroethylene in drinking water
| UTILITIES WITH CONTAMINATION | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| State | Utilities | People Served | |
| California | 29 | 2,534,452 | |
| New York | 9 | 338,010 | |
| Florida | 10 | 320,756 | |
| Alabama | 7 | 286,489 | |
| Tennessee | 1 | 92,506 | |
| Arkansas | 3 | 72,396 | |
| Pennsylvania | 10 | 67,062 | |
| Colorado | 2 | 51,690 | |
| New Jersey | 4 | 51,257 | |
| Connecticut | 2 | 51,128 | |
| Minnesota | 2 | 41,916 | |
| Massachusetts | 2 | 32,265 | |
| North Carolina | 5 | 13,566 | |
| Wisconsin | 1 | 11,490 | |
| Missouri | 3 | 7,535 | |
| Maryland | 1 | 6,750 | |
| Georgia | 2 | 3,687 | |
| South Carolina | 1 | 3,442 | |
| Texas | 2 | 2,392 | |
| Louisiana | 1 | 684 | |
| New Hampshire | 1 | 600 | |
| Nevada | 1 | 150 | |
| Washington | 1 | 50 | |
Utilities with the highest amounts of 1,1-dichloroethylene, 2015
| Utility | Location | Tests | Average level | People served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| City of Broussard Highway 90 Water System | Broussard, LA | 18 of 28 | 5.43 ppb | 684 |
| Page Avenue Mutual Water Company | Fullerton, CA | 4 of 4 | 5.00 ppb | 115 |
| City of Idalou* | Idalou, TX | 8 of 13 | 4.10 ppb | 2,308 |
| Yadkinville, Town of | Yadkinville, NC | 4 of 5 | 3.84 ppb | 4,178 |
| Bets Water System | Oak Harbor, WA | 1 of 1 | 2.70 ppb | 50 |
| Ashwood Apartments | Chester Springs, PA | 4 of 4 | 2.65 ppb | 75 |
| Mountain View Mobile Estates LLC | Newport Beach, CA | 11 of 17 | 2.52 ppb | 250 |
| Pineview S/d | Gastonia, NC | 1 of 1 | 2.00 ppb | 58 |
| California Domestic Water Company* | Whittier, CA | 60 of 84 | 1.96 ppb | 1,200 |
| Grafton Waterworks | Grafton, WI | 8 of 24 | 1.60 ppb | 11,490 |
| N Walpole Village District/low | Bellows Falls, NH | 8 of 8 | 1.59 ppb | 600 |
| City Of Industry Waterworks Systems* | La Puente, CA | 16 of 16 | 1.55 ppb | 7,000 |
| Umh Valley View Danboro Mobile Home Park | Doylestown, PA | 1 of 1 | 1.40 ppb | 920 |
| Commerce-city, Water Department | San Jose, CA | 23 of 44 | 1.36 ppb | 3,828 |
| Upper Hanover Water Authority* | East Greenville, PA | 1 of 3 | 1.33 ppb | 4,600 |
| Queen of Apostles | Monroe, NY | 1 of 1 | 1.30 ppb | 45 |
| California Water Service Company Oak Hills | San Jose, CA | 9 of 14 | 1.26 ppb | 3,904 |
| Acton Water Supply District | Acton, MA | 4 of 16 | 1.11 ppb | 21,562 |
| River Run S/d | Stokesdale, NC | 1 of 2 | 1.000 ppb | 244 |
| Montmorenci Water District | Aiken, SC | 4 of 4 | 0.993 ppb | 3,442 |
| Jurupa Community Services District* | Jurupa Valley, CA | 9 of 25 | 0.856 ppb | 106,907 |
| East Cocalico Township | Denver, PA | 1 of 3 | 0.833 ppb | 7,467 |
| Swan Lake Resort | Galloway, NJ | 4 of 5 | 0.822 ppb | 70 |
| Cleveland Waterworks | Cleveland, GA | 1 of 1 | 0.810 ppb | 3,640 |
| Doylestown Borough Water Department* | Doylestown, PA | 1 of 5 | 0.760 ppb | 8,700 |
| Jefferson County Public Water Supply District 6* | House Springs, MO | 1 of 4 | 0.743 ppb | 7,300 |
| Wasco St. Prison Reception Center | Wasco, CA | 4 of 4 | 0.605 ppb | 5,155 |
| Riverbelle Properties LLC Mobile Home Park | Reno, NV | 1 of 2 | 0.600 ppb | 150 |
| Truluck-oak Park Subdivision | Cordele, GA | 4 of 4 | 0.530 ppb | 47 |
| Pomona Water Department* | Pomona, CA | 88 of 183 | 0.521 ppb | 151,713 |
* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report 1,1-Dichloroethylene, but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.
| Utility | Location | Tests | Average level | People served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grafton Waterworks | Grafton, WI | 8 of 24 | 1.60 ppb | 11,490 |
| Acton Water Supply District | Acton, MA | 4 of 16 | 1.11 ppb | 21,562 |
| Jurupa Community Services District* | Jurupa Valley, CA | 9 of 25 | 0.856 ppb | 106,907 |
| Pomona Water Department* | Pomona, CA | 88 of 183 | 0.521 ppb | 151,713 |
| Franklin Square WD | Franklin Square, NY | 7 of 22 | 0.457 ppb | 20,000 |
| South Huntington Water Department | South Huntington, NY | 1 of 1 | 0.450 ppb | 81,760 |
| California Water Service Company - East Los Angeles | San Jose, CA | 22 of 64 | 0.417 ppb | 150,446 |
| City of Loma Linda | Loma Linda, CA | 1 of 2 | 0.375 ppb | 23,261 |
| Perkasie Regional Authority* | Perkasie, PA | 3 of 11 | 0.318 ppb | 11,100 |
| Westbury WD | Westbury, NY | 10 of 30 | 0.285 ppb | 20,500 |
| City of Porterville | Porterville, CA | 3 of 9 | 0.267 ppb | 55,107 |
| La Verne WD | La Verne, CA | 4 of 11 | 0.265 ppb | 32,230 |
| Golden State Water Company (GSWC) - Claremont | San Dimas, CA | 5 of 38 | 0.239 ppb | 37,160 |
| Moorestown Water Department | Morrestown, NJ | 5 of 5 | 0.218 ppb | 19,000 |
| Ambler Boro Water Dept | Ambler, PA | 5 of 18 | 0.204 ppb | 20,000 |
| South Adams County Water and Sanitation District* | Commerce City, CO | 4 of 13 | 0.200 ppb | 51,465 |
| Cerritos - City, Water Department* | Cerritos, CA | 1 of 3 | 0.173 ppb | 49,041 |
| Jonesboro Water System* | Jonesboro, AR | 1 of 3 | 0.170 ppb | 70,066 |
| Garfield Water Department | Garfield City, NJ | 4 of 15 | 0.164 ppb | 30,487 |
| City of Anaheim | Anaheim, CA | 6 of 52 | 0.150 ppb | 450,000 |
| Riviera Beach Utility District* | Riviera Beach, FL | 2 of 16 | 0.141 ppb | 31,500 |
| Grafton Water District* | Grafton, MA | 1 of 10 | 0.120 ppb | 10,703 |
| East Pasadena Water Company | Pasadena, CA | 19 of 130 | 0.0910 ppb | 10,978 |
| Town of Hempstead Water Department | East Meadow, NY | 4 of 110 | 0.0831 ppb | 110,000 |
| South Gate Water Department | South Gate, CA | 1 of 8 | 0.0763 ppb | 96,057 |
| Jackson Water System | Jackson, TN | 12 of 126 | 0.0758 ppb | 92,506 |
| Manchester Water Department* | Manchester, CT | 1 of 16 | 0.0688 ppb | 51,066 |
| Port Washington WD | 38 Sqndy Hollow Rd, NY | 7 of 89 | 0.0544 ppb | 34,000 |
| Montgomery Water Works* | Montgomery, AL | 1 of 10 | 0.0540 ppb | 240,840 |
| City of Fullerton | Fullerton, CA | 2 of 58 | 0.0397 ppb | 138,251 |
* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report 1,1-Dichloroethylene, but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.