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EWG's Tap Water Database — 2021 UPDATE

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Haloacetic acids (HAA5)

City of Graham

Haloacetic acids are formed when disinfectants such as chlorine are added to tap water. The group of five haloacetic acids regulated by federal standards includes monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid. Read More.

Haloacetic acids are harmful during pregnancy and may increase the risk of cancer. Haloacetic acids are� genotoxic, which means that they induce mutations and DNA damage. Multiple studies by the National Toxicology Program have demonstrated the cancer-causing properties of individual haloacetic acids in laboratory animals. The Department of Health and Human Services is currently considering listing di- or tri-haloacetic acids for possible inclusion in its comprehensive Report on Carcinogens.

Click here to read more about disinfection byproducts.

MORE ABOUT THIS CONTAMINANT

 

96

Samples

1

Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)

96

Samples exceeding
health guidelines

Testing results - average by year

 
YearAverage resultSamples takenDetectionsRange of results
201430.6 ppb16168.00 ppb - 66.0 ppb
201531.6 ppb161613.2 ppb - 53.0 ppb
201617.9 ppb161611.2 ppb - 33.0 ppb
201721.8 ppb161612.6 ppb - 35.0 ppb
201822.4 ppb161612.3 ppb - 28.0 ppb
201921.0 ppb161616.0 ppb - 27.0 ppb

ppb = parts per billion

State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines

EWG Health Guideline 0.1 ppb

The EWG Health Guideline of 0.1 ppb for the group of five haloacetic acids, or HAA5, was defined in a peer-reviewed scientific study by EWG and represents a one-in-a-million lifetime cancer risk level. This health guideline protects against cancer.

EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL) 60 ppb

The legal limit for the group of five haloacetic acids (HAA5), established in 1998, was based on the need for residual disinfectant levels in water served to customers and the cost of treatment. This limit does not fully protect against the risk of cancer and harm to the developing fetus due to exposure to haloacetic acids.

ppb = parts per billion

All test results

Date Lab ID Result
2014-02-1816035-1411.0 ppb
2014-02-1816036-1415.0 ppb
2014-02-1816037-1421.0 ppb
2014-02-1816034-148.00 ppb
2014-05-1417360-1433.0 ppb
2014-05-1417361-1422.0 ppb
2014-05-1417362-1450.0 ppb
2014-05-1417359-1426.0 ppb
2014-08-13173632-1453.0 ppb
2014-08-13173633-1450.0 ppb
2014-08-13173634-1431.0 ppb
2014-08-13173635-1466.0 ppb
2014-11-12174358-1421.0 ppb
2014-11-12174359-1428.0 ppb
2014-11-12174357-1420.0 ppb
2014-11-12174356-1435.0 ppb
2015-02-1123.0 ppb
2015-02-1124.0 ppb
2015-02-1126.0 ppb
2015-02-1125.0 ppb
2015-05-1337.0 ppb
2015-05-1341.6 ppb
2015-05-1333.0 ppb
2015-05-1336.0 ppb
2015-08-1214.7 ppb
2015-08-1232.3 ppb
2015-08-1232.0 ppb
2015-08-1234.0 ppb
2015-11-1136.0 ppb
2015-11-1145.0 ppb
2015-11-1113.2 ppb
2015-11-1153.0 ppb
2016-02-17340228614.8 ppb
2016-02-17340228715.9 ppb
2016-02-17340228812.2 ppb
2016-02-17340228912.2 ppb
2016-05-11344721415.4 ppb
2016-05-11344721311.2 ppb
2016-05-11344721213.7 ppb
2016-05-11344721117.6 ppb
2016-08-10351843315.4 ppb
2016-08-10351843415.3 ppb
2016-08-10351843512.0 ppb
2016-08-10351843612.9 ppb
2016-11-09358369032.0 ppb
2016-11-09358369128.0 ppb
2016-11-09358369224.0 ppb
2016-11-09358369333.0 ppb
2017-02-08363495523.4 ppb
2017-02-08363495815.2 ppb
2017-02-08363495619.1 ppb
2017-02-08363495718.0 ppb
2017-05-10369228730.0 ppb
2017-05-10369228826.0 ppb
2017-05-10369228922.0 ppb
2017-05-10369229029.0 ppb
2017-08-09375326115.1 ppb
2017-08-09375326027.0 ppb
2017-08-09375325932.0 ppb
2017-08-09375325835.0 ppb
2017-11-08381749916.2 ppb
2017-11-08381750014.6 ppb
2017-11-08381750112.6 ppb
2017-11-08381750214.3 ppb
2018-02-143872957 14.8 ppb
2018-02-143872956 12.8 ppb
2018-02-143872955 12.3 ppb
2018-02-143872954 16.1 ppb
2018-05-093933266 26.0 ppb
2018-05-093933263 27.0 ppb
2018-05-093933264 26.0 ppb
2018-05-093933265 20.4 ppb
2018-08-084016242 23.1 ppb
2018-08-084016240 22.4 ppb
2018-08-084016238 24.9 ppb
2018-08-084016236 27.8 ppb
2018-11-144124031 27.0 ppb
2018-11-144124033 26.0 ppb
2018-11-144124035 24.0 ppb
2018-11-144124037 28.0 ppb
2019-02-134197868 20.0 ppb
2019-02-134197869 19.0 ppb
2019-02-134197870 16.5 ppb
2019-02-134197871 20.0 ppb
2019-05-084287998 26.0 ppb
2019-05-084288001 27.0 ppb
2019-05-084288000 20.0 ppb
2019-05-084287999 26.0 ppb
2019-08-144387880 21.0 ppb
2019-08-144387882 24.0 ppb
2019-08-144387881 20.0 ppb
2019-08-144387879 25.0 ppb
2019-11-064478955 19.0 ppb
2019-11-064478953 16.0 ppb
2019-11-064478951 19.0 ppb
2019-11-064478949 18.0 ppb