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EWG's Tap Water Database — 2021 UPDATE

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Haloacetic acids (HAA5)

Wailuku

Haloacetic acids are formed when disinfectants such as chlorine are added to tap water. The group of five haloacetic acids regulated by federal standards includes monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid. Read More.

Haloacetic acids are harmful during pregnancy and may increase the risk of cancer. Haloacetic acids are� genotoxic, which means that they induce mutations and DNA damage. Multiple studies by the National Toxicology Program have demonstrated the cancer-causing properties of individual haloacetic acids in laboratory animals. The Department of Health and Human Services is currently considering listing di- or tri-haloacetic acids for possible inclusion in its comprehensive Report on Carcinogens.

Click here to read more about disinfection byproducts.

MORE ABOUT THIS CONTAMINANT

 

132

Samples

0

Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)

35

Samples exceeding
health guidelines

Testing results - average by year

 
YearAverage resultSamples takenDetectionsRange of results
20140.556 ppb326ND - 3.60 ppb
20150.244 ppb323ND - 3.00 ppb
20160.615 ppb204ND - 3.70 ppb
20170.781 ppb164ND - 3.60 ppb
20180.950 ppb165ND - 3.70 ppb
20192.91 ppb1613ND - 5.80 ppb

ppb = parts per billion

State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines

EWG Health Guideline 0.1 ppb

The EWG Health Guideline of 0.1 ppb for the group of five haloacetic acids, or HAA5, was defined in a peer-reviewed scientific study by EWG and represents a one-in-a-million lifetime cancer risk level. This health guideline protects against cancer.

EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL) 60 ppb

The legal limit for the group of five haloacetic acids (HAA5), established in 1998, was based on the need for residual disinfectant levels in water served to customers and the cost of treatment. This limit does not fully protect against the risk of cancer and harm to the developing fetus due to exposure to haloacetic acids.

ppb = parts per billion

All test results

Date Lab ID Result
2014-03-06201403110747ND
2014-03-06201403110751ND
2014-03-062014031107523.40 ppb
2014-03-06201403110749ND
2014-03-06201403110746ND
2014-03-06201403110750ND
2014-03-06201403110748ND
2014-03-06201403110745ND
2014-06-05201406100363ND
2014-06-052014061003642.70 ppb
2014-06-05201406100361ND
2014-06-05201406100362ND
2014-06-05201406100355ND
2014-06-05201406100356ND
2014-06-05201406100357ND
2014-06-05201406100358ND
2014-09-04201409100080ND
2014-09-04201409100081ND
2014-09-042014091000863.40 ppb
2014-09-04201409100083ND
2014-09-04201409100085ND
2014-09-04201409100079ND
2014-09-04201409100084ND
2014-09-04201409100082ND
2014-12-042014121102912.20 ppb
2014-12-04201412110293ND
2014-12-04201412110296ND
2014-12-04201412110297ND
2014-12-042014121102943.60 ppb
2014-12-042014121102922.50 ppb
2014-12-04201412110298ND
2014-12-04201412110295ND
2015-01-14201501190213ND
2015-01-14201501190214ND
2015-01-14201501190215ND
2015-01-14201501190216ND
2015-01-14201501190218ND
2015-01-142015011902193.00 ppb
2015-01-15201501190223ND
2015-01-15201501190224ND
2015-04-09201504140817ND
2015-04-09201504140818ND
2015-04-09201504140819ND
2015-04-09201504140820ND
2015-04-09201504140831ND
2015-04-09201504140832ND
2015-04-09201504140833ND
2015-04-092015041408342.50 ppb
2015-07-22201507240272ND
2015-07-22201507240273ND
2015-07-22201507240274ND
2015-07-22201507240275ND
2015-07-22201507240276ND
2015-07-22201507240277ND
2015-07-22201507240278ND
2015-07-22201507240279ND
2015-10-09201510130316ND
2015-10-09201510130317ND
2015-10-09201510130318ND
2015-10-09201510130319ND
2015-10-09201510130320ND
2015-10-09201510130321ND
2015-10-09201510130322ND
2015-10-092015101303232.30 ppb
2016-01-15ND
2016-01-15ND
2016-01-15ND
2016-01-15ND
2016-01-15ND
2016-01-15ND
2016-01-15ND
2016-01-153.10 ppb
2016-04-14ND
2016-04-14ND
2016-04-14ND
2016-04-142.30 ppb
2016-07-15ND
2016-07-15ND
2016-07-15ND
2016-07-153.20 ppb
2016-10-06ND
2016-10-06ND
2016-10-06ND
2016-10-063.70 ppb
2017-01-13ND
2017-01-13ND
2017-01-13ND
2017-01-133.20 ppb
2017-04-06ND
2017-04-06ND
2017-04-06ND
2017-04-062.90 ppb
2017-07-13ND
2017-07-13ND
2017-07-13ND
2017-07-132.80 ppb
2017-10-06ND
2017-10-06ND
2017-10-06ND
2017-10-063.60 ppb
2018-01-11201801180640ND
2018-01-11201801180643ND
2018-01-11201801180642ND
2018-01-112018011806413.30 ppb
2018-04-05201804100503ND
2018-04-05201804100506ND
2018-04-05201804100505ND
2018-04-052018041005043.40 ppb
2018-07-02201807060176ND
2018-07-02201807060179ND
2018-07-02201807060178ND
2018-07-022018070601772.20 ppb
2018-10-04201810090382ND
2018-10-042018100903852.60 ppb
2018-10-04201810090384ND
2018-10-042018100903833.70 ppb
2019-01-032019010800772.60 ppb
2019-01-03201901080080ND
2019-01-03201901080079ND
2019-01-032019010800785.70 ppb
2019-04-052019040904743.40 ppb
2019-04-052019040904773.70 ppb
2019-04-052019040904763.00 ppb
2019-04-052019040904755.80 ppb
2019-07-262019073003382.70 ppb
2019-07-262019073003412.00 ppb
2019-07-26201907300340ND
2019-07-262019073003392.90 ppb
2019-10-032019100806043.60 ppb
2019-10-032019100806073.00 ppb
2019-10-032019100806064.10 ppb
2019-10-032019100806054.00 ppb