1,4-Dioxane
City of Houston
1,4-Dioxane is a solvent classified by the EPA as a likely human carcinogen. It contaminates groundwater in many states due to industrial wastewater discharges, plastic manufacturing runoff and landfill runoff. Read More.
Animal studies show that 1,4-dioxane can target the liver, kidneys and respiratory system, and that prenatal exposure can harm the developing fetus. The State of California has set a Public Heatlh Goal of no more than 1 part per billion of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water. The state of Massachusetts sets a legal limit of 0.3 ppb, and New Hampshire's limit is 3 parts per billion. There is no national drinking water standard for this contaminant.
Samples
Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)
Samples exceeding
health guidelines
Testing results - average by year
| Year | Average result | Samples taken | Detections | Range of results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | 0.00337 ppb | 52 | 2 | ND - 0.0910 ppb |
| 2014 | 0.00867 ppb | 51 | 6 | ND - 0.0790 ppb |
| 2015 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2016 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2017 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2018 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2019 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
ppb = parts per billion
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EWG Health Guideline 0.35 ppb
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.35 ppb for 1,4-dioxane was defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.
ppb = parts per billion
All test results
| Date | Lab ID | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 2013-07-09 | 13070911-05 | ND |
| 2013-07-09 | 13070906-02 | ND |
| 2013-07-09 | 13070906-05 | ND |
| 2013-07-09 | 13070910-03 | ND |
| 2013-07-09 | 13070911-04 | ND |
| 2013-07-09 | 13070910-04 | ND |
| 2013-07-09 | 13070906-04 | ND |
| 2013-07-09 | 13070906-03 | ND |
| 2013-07-09 | 13070906-01 | 0.0910 ppb |
| 2013-07-09 | 13070910-05 | ND |
| 2013-07-10 | 13071008-03 | ND |
| 2013-07-10 | 13070911-01 | ND |
| 2013-07-10 | 13070911-02 | ND |
| 2013-07-10 | 13071007-02 | ND |
| 2013-07-10 | 13070911-03 | ND |
| 2013-07-10 | 13070910-01 | ND |
| 2013-07-10 | 13071008-02 | ND |
| 2013-07-10 | 13070910-02 | ND |
| 2013-07-10 | 13071008-01 | ND |
| 2013-07-10 | 13071007-01 | ND |
| 2013-07-16 | 13071606-06 | ND |
| 2013-07-16 | 13071611-03 | ND |
| 2013-07-16 | 13071606-01 | ND |
| 2013-07-16 | 13071608-01 | ND |
| 2013-07-16 | 13071607-01 | ND |
| 2013-07-16 | 13071611-01 | ND |
| 2013-07-16 | 13071606-04 | ND |
| 2013-07-16 | 13071607-02 | ND |
| 2013-07-16 | 13071607-05 | ND |
| 2013-07-16 | 13071607-04 | ND |
| 2013-07-16 | 13071608-02 | ND |
| 2013-07-16 | 13071608-06 | ND |
| 2013-07-16 | 13071606-05 | ND |
| 2013-07-16 | 13071606-03 | ND |
| 2013-07-16 | 13071606-07 | ND |
| 2013-07-16 | 13071611-04 | ND |
| 2013-07-16 | 13071608-05 | ND |
| 2013-07-16 | 13071606-02 | ND |
| 2013-07-16 | 13071608-04 | ND |
| 2013-07-30 | 13073009-05 | ND |
| 2013-07-30 | 13073012-03 | ND |
| 2013-07-31 | 13073108-02 | ND |
| 2013-10-15 | 13101510-03 | ND |
| 2013-10-15 | 13101509-01 | ND |
| 2013-10-15 | 13101509-02 | ND |
| 2013-10-15 | 13101506-02 | ND |
| 2013-10-15 | 13101511-01 | 0.0840 ppb |
| 2013-10-15 | 13101510-01 | ND |
| 2013-10-15 | 13101506-01 | ND |
| 2013-10-16 | 13101607-02 | ND |
| 2013-10-16 | 13101607-03 | ND |
| 2013-10-16 | 13101606-01 | ND |
| 2014-01-21 | 14012115-05 | ND |
| 2014-01-21 | 14012111-03 | ND |
| 2014-01-21 | 14012115-01 | 0.0740 ppb |
| 2014-01-21 | 14012116-02 | ND |
| 2014-01-21 | 14012116-05 | ND |
| 2014-01-21 | 14012115-04 | ND |
| 2014-01-21 | 14012116-04 | ND |
| 2014-01-21 | 14012115-02 | 0.0700 ppb |
| 2014-01-21 | 14012116-03 | ND |
| 2014-01-21 | 14012110-02 | ND |
| 2014-01-21 | 14012115-03 | ND |
| 2014-01-21 | 14012116-01 | ND |
| 2014-01-21 | 14012112-01 | ND |
| 2014-01-21 | 14012111-02 | ND |
| 2014-01-21 | 14012111-01 | ND |
| 2014-01-21 | 14012110-01 | ND |
| 2014-01-22 | 14012112-03 | ND |
| 2014-01-22 | 14012112-04 | ND |
| 2014-01-22 | 14012112-02 | ND |
| 2014-01-22 | 14012112-05 | ND |
| 2014-02-05 | 14020507-06 | ND |
| 2014-02-05 | 14020508-03 | ND |
| 2014-02-05 | 14020508-02 | ND |
| 2014-02-05 | 14020507-01 | ND |
| 2014-02-05 | 14020511-01 | ND |
| 2014-02-05 | 14020509-01 | ND |
| 2014-02-05 | 14020508-01 | ND |
| 2014-02-05 | 14020507-04 | ND |
| 2014-02-05 | 14020509-02 | ND |
| 2014-02-05 | 14020509-05 | ND |
| 2014-02-05 | 14020509-04 | ND |
| 2014-02-05 | 14020511-02 | ND |
| 2014-02-05 | 14020511-06 | ND |
| 2014-02-05 | 14020507-05 | ND |
| 2014-02-05 | 14020507-03 | ND |
| 2014-02-05 | 14020509-03 | ND |
| 2014-02-05 | 14020507-07 | ND |
| 2014-02-05 | 14020508-04 | ND |
| 2014-02-05 | 14020508-05 | ND |
| 2014-02-05 | 14020511-05 | ND |
| 2014-02-05 | 14020511-04 | ND |
| 2014-02-05 | 14020511-03 | ND |
| 2014-04-21 | 14042111-02 | ND |
| 2014-05-27 | 14052711-03 | 0.0710 ppb |
| 2014-05-27 | 14052707-01 | 0.0710 ppb |
| 2014-05-27 | 14052707-02 | 0.0790 ppb |
| 2014-05-27 | 14052706-02 | ND |
| 2014-05-27 | 14052710-01 | 0.0770 ppb |
| 2014-05-27 | 14052712-01 | ND |
| 2014-05-27 | 14052711-01 | ND |
| 2014-05-27 | 14052706-01 | ND |