1,4-Dioxane
NJ American Water - Raritan
1,4-Dioxane is a solvent classified by the EPA as a likely human carcinogen. It contaminates groundwater in many states due to industrial wastewater discharges, plastic manufacturing runoff and landfill runoff. Read More.
Animal studies show that 1,4-dioxane can target the liver, kidneys and respiratory system, and that prenatal exposure can harm the developing fetus. The State of California has set a Public Heatlh Goal of no more than 1 part per billion of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water. The state of Massachusetts sets a legal limit of 0.3 ppb, and New Hampshire's limit is 3 parts per billion. There is no national drinking water standard for this contaminant.
Samples
Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)
Samples exceeding
health guidelines
Testing results - average by year
| Year | Average result | Samples taken | Detections | Range of results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2015 | 0.100 ppb | 36 | 14 | ND - 0.930 ppb |
| 2016 | 1.35 ppb | 23 | 23 | 0.290 ppb - 4.20 ppb |
| 2017 | 1.40 ppb | 18 | 18 | 0.230 ppb - 3.63 ppb |
| 2018 | 0.844 ppb | 23 | 22 | ND - 3.18 ppb |
| 2019 | 0.0483 ppb | 6 | 3 | ND - 0.110 ppb |
ppb = parts per billion
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EWG Health Guideline 0.35 ppb
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.35 ppb for 1,4-dioxane was defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.
ppb = parts per billion
All test results
| Date | Lab ID | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 2015-03-03 | 28336701 | ND |
| 2015-03-03 | 28336501 | 0.150 ppb |
| 2015-03-03 | 28337501 | ND |
| 2015-03-03 | 28335901 | 0.1000 ppb |
| 2015-03-06 | 28336101 | ND |
| 2015-03-06 | 28335701 | ND |
| 2015-03-09 | 28419201 | 0.930 ppb |
| 2015-03-09 | 28334801 | 0.210 ppb |
| 2015-03-11 | 28338601 | 0.0800 ppb |
| 2015-03-11 | 28336901 | ND |
| 2015-03-12 | 28334401 | ND |
| 2015-03-13 | 28335501 | ND |
| 2015-03-13 | 28335001 | ND |
| 2015-03-13 | 28336301 | ND |
| 2015-03-13 | 28337701 | 0.320 ppb |
| 2015-03-13 | 28334601 | ND |
| 2015-06-10 | 29425601 | ND |
| 2015-06-10 | 29425801 | ND |
| 2015-09-02 | 30272701 | ND |
| 2015-09-02 | 30271101 | ND |
| 2015-09-04 | 30271701 | 0.850 ppb |
| 2015-09-04 | 30274801 | 0.280 ppb |
| 2015-09-04 | 30272501 | ND |
| 2015-09-04 | 30273301 | ND |
| 2015-09-11 | 30272901 | ND |
| 2015-09-11 | 30271301 | 0.170 ppb |
| 2015-09-11 | 30272301 | 0.120 ppb |
| 2015-09-11 | 30276901 | ND |
| 2015-09-15 | 30273101 | ND |
| 2015-09-15 | 30271501 | ND |
| 2015-09-18 | 30270901 | ND |
| 2015-09-18 | 30271901 | ND |
| 2015-09-18 | 30274501 | 0.110 ppb |
| 2015-09-18 | 30272101 | 0.0800 ppb |
| 2015-12-07 | 30908901 | 0.0900 ppb |
| 2015-12-07 | 30909101 | 0.120 ppb |
| 2016-06-29 | 1607349-001 | 0.560 ppb |
| 2016-06-29 | 1607349-003 | 4.20 ppb |
| 2016-06-29 | 1607349-005 | 0.420 ppb |
| 2016-06-29 | 1607349-004 | 1.40 ppb |
| 2016-06-29 | 1607349-006 | 0.880 ppb |
| 2016-07-27 | 32564201 | 0.910 ppb |
| 2016-07-27 | 32563601 | 3.70 ppb |
| 2016-07-27 | 32563801 | 0.390 ppb |
| 2016-07-27 | 32563701 | 1.50 ppb |
| 2016-07-27 | 32563901 | 0.840 ppb |
| 2016-09-09 | 33381101 | 0.850 ppb |
| 2016-10-21 | 33657601 | 1.02 ppb |
| 2016-10-21 | 33656201 | 3.30 ppb |
| 2016-10-21 | 33656101 | 0.310 ppb |
| 2016-10-21 | 33655901 | 1.29 ppb |
| 2016-10-21 | 33657701 | 1.20 ppb |
| 2016-11-30 | 33933101 | 0.920 ppb |
| 2016-11-30 | 33930701 | 0.290 ppb |
| 2016-11-30 | 33930501 | 1.03 ppb |
| 2016-12-16 | 34132301 | 3.62 ppb |
| 2016-12-16 | 34131701 | 0.340 ppb |
| 2016-12-16 | 34131501 | 1.19 ppb |
| 2016-12-23 | 34134201 | 0.910 ppb |
| 2017-01-11 | 34439301 | 0.840 ppb |
| 2017-01-13 | 34437401 | 2.73 ppb |
| 2017-01-13 | 34436801 | 0.230 ppb |
| 2017-01-13 | 34436601 | 1.02 ppb |
| 2017-05-12 | 35638301 | 1.04 ppb |
| 2017-05-12 | 35636701 | 3.63 ppb |
| 2017-05-12 | 35636001 | 0.430 ppb |
| 2017-05-12 | 35635801 | 1.15 ppb |
| 2017-05-12 | 35638401 | 1.000 ppb |
| 2017-07-26 | 36047201 | 0.990 ppb |
| 2017-07-26 | 36047301 | 1.36 ppb |
| 2017-09-20 | 37169401 | 0.980 ppb |
| 2017-10-13 | 37496501 | 1.28 ppb |
| 2017-10-30 | 37494401 | 0.990 ppb |
| 2017-10-30 | 37494301 | 3.32 ppb |
| 2017-11-01 | 37495001 | 2.63 ppb |
| 2017-11-01 | 37496601 | 0.830 ppb |
| 2017-11-03 | 37783901 | 0.830 ppb |
| 2018-01-12 | 38443801 | 1.11 ppb |
| 2018-01-31 | 38442401 | 1.32 ppb |
| 2018-01-31 | 38441801 | 0.610 ppb |
| 2018-01-31 | 38441601 | 0.790 ppb |
| 2018-02-16 | 38737201 | 0.990 ppb |
| 2018-02-22 | 38737101 | 0.130 ppb |
| 2018-03-15 | 38955101 | 0.140 ppb |
| 2018-04-05 | 39272001 | 0.120 ppb |
| 2018-04-12 | 39270701 | 3.18 ppb |
| 2018-04-12 | 39269901 | 0.530 ppb |
| 2018-04-12 | 39269701 | 1.68 ppb |
| 2018-04-12 | 39272101 | 0.640 ppb |
| 2018-05-08 | 39568401 | 0.170 ppb |
| 2018-07-06 | 40443201 | 0.280 ppb |
| 2018-08-23 | 4041263 | 0.730 ppb |
| 2018-08-24 | 4041266 | 3.10 ppb |
| 2018-08-24 | 4041264 | 0.790 ppb |
| 2018-08-24 | 4041265 | 1.80 ppb |
| 2018-08-30 | 4046043 | 0.140 ppb |
| 2018-10-04 | 41609301 | ND |
| 2018-11-02 | 42074901 | 0.1000 ppb |
| 2018-11-02 | 42075001 | 0.460 ppb |
| 2018-12-07 | 42365101 | 0.610 ppb |
| 2019-01-18 | 42635101 | 0.1000 ppb |
| 2019-02-14 | 43054701 | ND |
| 2019-06-05 | 44793001 | 0.0800 ppb |
| 2019-10-02 | 46939601 | 0.110 ppb |
| 2019-11-21 | 47259401 | ND |
| 2019-12-04 | 47582001 | ND |