Chloroform
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Chloroform, one of the total trihalomethanes (TTHMs), is formed when chlorine or other disinfectants are used to treat drinking water. Chloroform and other disinfection byproducts increase the risk of cancer and may cause problems during pregnancy. Read More.
In addition to tap water disinfection, chloroform pollution in the environment also comes from industrial discharges from pulp and paper mills, and from urban wastewater effluent. Human studies show that chloroform damages the kidneys, liver and central nervous system. In animals, chloroform causes infertility, birth defects and cancer.
Samples
Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)
Samples exceeding
health guidelines
Testing results - average by year
| Year | Average result | Samples taken | Detections | Range of results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 0.296 ppb | 8 | 6 | ND - 0.570 ppb |
| 2015 | 0.742 ppb | 6 | 6 | 0.230 ppb - 2.60 ppb |
| 2016 | 0.400 ppb | 3 | 3 | 0.300 ppb - 0.500 ppb |
| 2017 | 0.400 ppb | 3 | 3 | 0.200 ppb - 0.500 ppb |
| 2018 | 0.290 ppb | 3 | 1 | ND - 0.870 ppb |
| 2019 | 0.787 ppb | 3 | 2 | ND - 1.70 ppb |
ppb = parts per billion
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EWG Health Guideline 0.4 ppb
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.4 ppb for chloroform was proposed in 2018 by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.
ppb = parts per billion
All test results
| Date | Lab ID | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 2014-03-11 | L4869086-1 | 0.0700 ppb |
| 2014-06-03 | L4983374-1 | ND |
| 2014-06-11 | L4000194-1 | 0.540 ppb |
| 2014-08-15 | L5112270-1 | ND |
| 2014-09-19 | L5112163-2 | 0.570 ppb |
| 2014-09-19 | L5112163-1 | 0.370 ppb |
| 2014-12-05 | L5247325-1 | 0.350 ppb |
| 2014-12-05 | L5247325-2 | 0.470 ppb |
| 2015-03-11 | L5364246-1 | 0.330 ppb |
| 2015-03-11 | L5364246-2 | 0.350 ppb |
| 2015-06-08 | L5497305-1 | 0.320 ppb |
| 2015-06-08 | L5497305-2 | 0.620 ppb |
| 2015-06-08 | L5497344-1 | 2.60 ppb |
| 2015-08-14 | L5718499-1 | 0.230 ppb |
| 2016-05-10 | L6125158-1 | 0.300 ppb |
| 2016-05-10 | L6125158-2 | 0.400 ppb |
| 2016-08-12 | L6376219-1 | 0.500 ppb |
| 2017-06-13 | L6718316-1 | 0.200 ppb |
| 2017-06-13 | L6718316-2 | 0.500 ppb |
| 2017-08-14 | L6912606-1 | 0.500 ppb |
| 2018-05-14 | 7052088001-VOC | 0.870 ppb |
| 2018-05-14 | 7052089001-VOC | ND |
| 2018-08-14 | 7062204001-THM | ND |
| 2019-06-04 | 7092726001-VOC | ND |
| 2019-08-20 | 70102226001-VOC | 1.70 ppb |
| 2019-08-20 | 70102225001-THM | 0.660 ppb |