Fluoride
Honolulu-Windward-Pearl Harbor
Fluoride occurs naturally in surface and groundwater and is also added to drinking water by many water systems. Read More.
Fluoride has been promoted as a chemical that reduces dental cavities. Yet it is now well-established that fluoride primarily exerts its protective effects through topical mechanisms, such as sodium fluoride in toothpaste and mouthwash. In contrast, long-term ingestion of fluoride in water increases dental fluorosis, which includes mottling, pitting and weakening of the teeth. EPA's maximum legal limit is set at 4 parts per million (ppm) to prevent skeletal fluorosis, a condition where bones become brittle and more susceptible to fractures, although these effects may occur at lower doses.
Even fluoride levels of 0.7 ppm, the amount of fluoride in drinking water recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service, can result in too much fluoride for bottle-fed babies. EWG recommends that caregivers mix baby formula with fluoride-free water. The National Toxicology Program is investigating the potential for low doses of fluoride to alter thyroid function and childhood brain development.
Testing results - average by year
Year | Average result | Samples taken | Detections | Range of results |
---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
2014 | 0.0103 ppm | 49 | 8 | ND - 0.0730 ppm |
2015 | 0.00987 ppm | 55 | 9 | ND - 0.0710 ppm |
2016 | 0.0112 ppm | 50 | 9 | ND - 0.0760 ppm |
2017 | 0.0264 ppm | 53 | 22 | ND - 0.0840 ppm |
2018 | 0.0116 ppm | 54 | 10 | ND - 0.0810 ppm |
2019 | 0.00902 ppm | 55 | 8 | ND - 0.0750 ppm |
ppm = parts per million
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL) 4 ppm
ppm = parts per million
All test results
Date | Lab ID | Result |
---|---|---|
2014-04-03 | 201404040384 | ND |
2014-04-03 | 201404040385 | ND |
2014-04-03 | 201404040386 | ND |
2014-04-03 | 201404040387 | 0.0710 ppm |
2014-04-03 | 201404040388 | 0.0720 ppm |
2014-04-03 | 201404040389 | ND |
2014-04-03 | 201404040390 | 0.0600 ppm |
2014-04-03 | 201404040391 | ND |
2014-04-03 | 201404040392 | ND |
2014-04-03 | 201404040393 | ND |
2014-04-03 | 201404040394 | ND |
2014-04-10 | 201404120292 | ND |
2014-04-10 | 201404120293 | 0.0540 ppm |
2014-04-10 | 201404120294 | 0.0500 ppm |
2014-04-10 | 201404120295 | ND |
2014-04-10 | 201404120296 | 0.0530 ppm |
2014-04-17 | 201404180245 | ND |
2014-04-17 | 201404180246 | ND |
2014-04-17 | 201404180247 | ND |
2014-04-17 | 201404180248 | ND |
2014-04-17 | 201404180249 | ND |
2014-04-17 | 201404180250 | ND |
2014-04-17 | 201404180251 | ND |
2014-04-17 | 201404180252 | ND |
2014-04-17 | 201404180253 | ND |
2014-04-17 | 201404180254 | ND |
2014-04-21 | 201404220329 | ND |
2014-04-21 | 201404220330 | ND |
2014-04-21 | 201404220331 | ND |
2014-04-22 | 201404230610 | ND |
2014-04-22 | 201404230611 | ND |
2014-04-22 | 201404230612 | ND |
2014-04-22 | 201404230613 | ND |
2014-04-23 | 201404240254 | ND |
2014-04-23 | 201404240255 | ND |
2014-04-23 | 201404240256 | ND |
2014-04-23 | 201404240257 | ND |
2014-04-24 | 201404250325 | ND |
2014-04-24 | 201404250326 | ND |
2014-04-24 | 201404250327 | ND |
2014-04-24 | 201404250328 | ND |
2014-04-24 | 201404250329 | ND |
2014-04-28 | 201404290638 | ND |
2014-04-28 | 201404290639 | ND |
2014-04-29 | 201404300628 | ND |
2014-04-29 | 201404300629 | ND |
2014-05-07 | 201405080377 | 0.0700 ppm |
2014-07-22 | 201407230670 | 0.0730 ppm |
2014-08-20 | 201408220169 | ND |
2015-02-09 | 201502110395 | ND |
2015-02-10 | 201502120276 | ND |
2015-04-07 | 201504080450 | 0.0510 ppm |
2015-04-07 | 201504080451 | ND |
2015-04-08 | 201504090111 | ND |
2015-04-08 | 201504090112 | ND |
2015-04-13 | 201504140136 | ND |
2015-04-13 | 201504140137 | ND |
2015-04-14 | 201504150251 | ND |
2015-04-15 | 201504160351 | ND |
2015-04-15 | 201504160352 | ND |
2015-04-15 | 201504160358 | ND |
2015-04-15 | 201504160359 | ND |
2015-04-15 | 201504160360 | ND |
2015-04-16 | 201504170065 | ND |
2015-04-16 | 201504170068 | ND |
2015-04-20 | 201504210281 | ND |
2015-04-20 | 201504210282 | ND |
2015-04-20 | 201504210283 | ND |
2015-04-21 | 201504220241 | 0.0710 ppm |
2015-04-21 | 201504220242 | 0.0540 ppm |
2015-04-21 | 201504220243 | 0.0700 ppm |
2015-04-21 | 201504220244 | ND |
2015-04-21 | 201504220245 | 0.0570 ppm |
2015-04-22 | 201504230303 | ND |
2015-04-22 | 201504230304 | ND |
2015-04-27 | 201504280099 | ND |
2015-04-27 | 201504280100 | ND |
2015-04-28 | 201504290318 | ND |
2015-04-28 | 201504290319 | ND |
2015-04-28 | 201504290320 | ND |
2015-04-28 | 201504290321 | ND |
2015-04-28 | 201504290322 | ND |
2015-04-28 | 201504290338 | ND |
2015-04-28 | 201504290339 | ND |
2015-04-29 | 201504300056 | ND |
2015-04-29 | 201504300057 | ND |
2015-04-30 | 201505010074 | ND |
2015-05-04 | 201505050069 | ND |
2015-05-05 | 201505060111 | 0.0550 ppm |
2015-05-05 | 201505060137 | ND |
2015-05-05 | 201505060141 | 0.0510 ppm |
2015-05-05 | 201505060143 | ND |
2015-05-05 | 201505060144 | ND |
2015-05-06 | 201505070239 | ND |
2015-05-06 | 201505070240 | ND |
2015-05-06 | 201505070241 | ND |
2015-05-11 | 201505120636 | ND |
2015-05-11 | 201505120637 | ND |
2015-05-12 | 201505130586 | ND |
2015-05-18 | 201505190239 | ND |
2015-05-27 | 201505290083 | ND |
2015-08-19 | 201508200481 | 0.0660 ppm |
2015-10-19 | 201510140073 | ND |
2015-12-29 | 201512300217 | 0.0680 ppm |
2016-02-10 | ND | |
2016-04-06 | 0.0540 ppm | |
2016-04-07 | 0.0680 ppm | |
2016-04-07 | 0.0590 ppm | |
2016-04-07 | ND | |
2016-04-07 | ND | |
2016-04-12 | 0.0760 ppm | |
2016-04-12 | 0.0760 ppm | |
2016-04-12 | ND | |
2016-04-12 | ND | |
2016-04-12 | ND | |
2016-04-12 | ND | |
2016-04-12 | ND | |
2016-04-12 | ND | |
2016-04-12 | ND | |
2016-04-13 | ND | |
2016-04-13 | ND | |
2016-04-13 | 0.0560 ppm | |
2016-04-14 | ND | |
2016-04-14 | ND | |
2016-04-14 | ND | |
2016-04-14 | ND | |
2016-04-14 | ND | |
2016-04-14 | 0.0520 ppm | |
2016-04-14 | ND | |
2016-04-14 | ND | |
2016-04-14 | ND | |
2016-04-18 | ND | |
2016-04-18 | ND | |
2016-04-18 | ND | |
2016-04-19 | ND | |
2016-04-19 | ND | |
2016-04-20 | ND | |
2016-04-20 | ND | |
2016-04-21 | ND | |
2016-04-21 | ND | |
2016-04-21 | ND | |
2016-04-21 | ND | |
2016-04-25 | ND | |
2016-04-26 | ND | |
2016-04-26 | 0.0510 ppm | |
2016-05-02 | ND | |
2016-05-04 | ND | |
2016-05-04 | ND | |
2016-05-04 | ND | |
2016-05-05 | ND | |
2016-06-20 | ND | |
2016-06-20 | ND | |
2016-07-07 | 0.0690 ppm | |
2016-10-28 | ND | |
2017-02-14 | 0.0730 ppm | |
2017-04-03 | ND | |
2017-04-03 | 0.0510 ppm | |
2017-04-05 | 0.0580 ppm | |
2017-04-05 | 0.0570 ppm | |
2017-04-12 | 0.0650 ppm | |
2017-04-12 | ND | |
2017-04-12 | 0.0590 ppm | |
2017-04-12 | 0.0500 ppm | |
2017-04-18 | ND | |
2017-04-18 | ND | |
2017-04-19 | ND | |
2017-04-19 | ND | |
2017-04-20 | ND | |
2017-04-20 | 0.0780 ppm | |
2017-04-20 | 0.0840 ppm | |
2017-04-20 | 0.0830 ppm | |
2017-04-20 | ND | |
2017-04-20 | ND | |
2017-04-20 | ND | |
2017-04-27 | 0.0710 ppm | |
2017-05-02 | ND | |
2017-05-02 | ND | |
2017-05-02 | ND | |
2017-05-03 | 0.0590 ppm | |
2017-05-04 | ND | |
2017-05-04 | 0.0800 ppm | |
2017-05-04 | 0.0730 ppm | |
2017-05-04 | ND | |
2017-05-04 | ND | |
2017-05-10 | ND | |
2017-05-10 | ND | |
2017-05-10 | 0.0570 ppm | |
2017-05-11 | ND | |
2017-05-11 | 0.0690 ppm | |
2017-05-11 | 0.0620 ppm | |
2017-05-17 | ND | |
2017-05-17 | ND | |
2017-05-18 | 0.0520 ppm | |
2017-05-22 | ND | |
2017-05-23 | ND | |
2017-05-23 | 0.0520 ppm | |
2017-05-23 | ND | |
2017-05-23 | 0.0550 ppm | |
2017-05-23 | ND | |
2017-05-24 | ND | |
2017-05-25 | ND | |
2017-05-31 | 0.0570 ppm | |
2017-06-05 | ND | |
2017-06-07 | ND | |
2017-06-08 | ND | |
2017-06-14 | 0.0540 ppm | |
2017-11-07 | ND | |
2018-02-20 | 201801290307 | ND |
2018-03-28 | 201803300306 | 0.0530 ppm |
2018-04-04 | 201804050725 | 0.0700 ppm |
2018-04-09 | 201804120584 | ND |
2018-04-09 | 201804120585 | ND |
2018-04-09 | 201804120582 | ND |
2018-04-09 | 201804120583 | ND |
2018-04-09 | 201804120587 | ND |
2018-04-09 | 201804120588 | ND |
2018-04-09 | 201804120586 | ND |
2018-04-10 | 201804130358 | ND |
2018-04-10 | 201804120580 | 0.0630 ppm |
2018-04-10 | 201804120579 | ND |
2018-04-10 | 201804120577 | 0.0810 ppm |
2018-04-10 | 201804120578 | 0.0750 ppm |
2018-04-10 | 201804120581 | ND |
2018-04-11 | 201804130402 | 0.0670 ppm |
2018-04-11 | 201804130406 | ND |
2018-04-11 | 201804130404 | ND |
2018-04-11 | 201804130403 | 0.0580 ppm |
2018-04-11 | 201804130405 | 0.0520 ppm |
2018-04-11 | 201804130401 | ND |
2018-04-17 | 201804230043 | ND |
2018-04-17 | 201804230044 | ND |
2018-04-17 | 201804230045 | ND |
2018-04-17 | 201804230042 | ND |
2018-04-17 | 201804181083 | ND |
2018-04-18 | 201804200570 | ND |
2018-04-18 | 201804200567 | ND |
2018-04-18 | 201804200568 | 0.0530 ppm |
2018-04-23 | 201804270354 | 0.0560 ppm |
2018-04-24 | 201804260441 | ND |
2018-04-24 | 201804260443 | ND |
2018-04-24 | 201804260442 | ND |
2018-04-24 | 201804260444 | ND |
2018-04-24 | 201804260445 | ND |
2018-04-24 | 201804260446 | ND |
2018-04-24 | 201804260440 | ND |
2018-04-24 | 201804260448 | ND |
2018-04-26 | 201804300501 | ND |
2018-05-01 | 201805040145 | ND |
2018-05-01 | 201805040141 | ND |
2018-05-01 | 201805040143 | ND |
2018-05-01 | 201805040142 | ND |
2018-05-01 | 201805040146 | ND |
2018-05-01 | 201805040144 | ND |
2018-05-02 | 201805030714 | ND |
2018-05-02 | 201805030715 | ND |
2018-05-30 | 201805230584 | ND |
2018-06-12 | 201806140372 | ND |
2018-07-25 | 201807260579 | ND |
2018-08-07 | 201808100215 | ND |
2018-08-29 | 201808310642 | ND |
2018-08-29 | 201808310643 | ND |
2019-01-28 | 201901290118 | 0.0540 ppm |
2019-03-14 | 201903150346 | ND |
2019-04-01 | 201904020237 | 0.0550 ppm |
2019-04-02 | 201904040172 | ND |
2019-04-08 | 201904090433 | 0.0530 ppm |
2019-04-10 | 201904110139 | ND |
2019-04-10 | 201904110140 | ND |
2019-04-10 | 201904110200 | ND |
2019-04-10 | 201904110138 | ND |
2019-04-10 | 201904110202 | ND |
2019-04-10 | 201904110199 | ND |
2019-04-10 | 201904110201 | ND |
2019-04-10 | 201904110204 | ND |
2019-04-10 | 201904110203 | ND |
2019-04-15 | 201904160128 | ND |
2019-04-15 | 201904160126 | ND |
2019-04-15 | 201904160127 | ND |
2019-04-15 | 201904160125 | ND |
2019-04-16 | 201904170177 | ND |
2019-04-16 | 201904170179 | ND |
2019-04-16 | 201904170178 | ND |
2019-04-16 | 201904170205 | ND |
2019-04-16 | 201904170206 | ND |
2019-04-16 | 201904170182 | ND |
2019-04-16 | 201904170180 | ND |
2019-04-16 | 201904170181 | ND |
2019-04-16 | 201904170176 | ND |
2019-04-17 | 201904180209 | ND |
2019-04-17 | 201904180210 | ND |
2019-04-17 | 201904180201 | ND |
2019-04-17 | 201904180202 | ND |
2019-04-22 | 201904230220 | ND |
2019-04-24 | 201904250251 | 0.0700 ppm |
2019-04-24 | 201904250250 | ND |
2019-04-24 | 201904250248 | 0.0600 ppm |
2019-04-24 | 201904250249 | ND |
2019-04-25 | 201904260292 | ND |
2019-04-25 | 201904260293 | ND |
2019-04-29 | 201904300282 | ND |
2019-04-29 | 201904300227 | 0.0560 ppm |
2019-04-29 | 201904300283 | ND |
2019-04-29 | 201904300226 | ND |
2019-04-29 | 201904300224 | 0.0730 ppm |
2019-04-29 | 201904300225 | 0.0750 ppm |
2019-05-01 | 201905020257 | ND |
2019-05-01 | 201905020258 | ND |
2019-05-02 | 201905030133 | ND |
2019-05-02 | 201905030134 | ND |
2019-07-10 | 201907110442 | ND |
2019-09-18 | 201909190159 | ND |
2019-09-18 | 201909200252 | ND |
2019-09-25 | 201909270220 | ND |
2019-10-29 | 201910310278 | ND |
2019-11-19 | 201911200324 | ND |
2019-12-26 | 201912270120 | ND |