1,4-Dioxane
Wailuku
1,4-Dioxane is a solvent classified by the EPA as a likely human carcinogen. It contaminates groundwater in many states due to industrial wastewater discharges, plastic manufacturing runoff and landfill runoff. Read More.
Animal studies show that 1,4-dioxane can target the liver, kidneys and respiratory system, and that prenatal exposure can harm the developing fetus. The State of California has set a Public Heatlh Goal of no more than 1 part per billion of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water. The state of Massachusetts sets a legal limit of 0.3 ppb, and New Hampshire's limit is 3 parts per billion. There is no national drinking water standard for this contaminant.
Samples
Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)
Samples exceeding
health guidelines
Testing results - average by year
| Year | Average result | Samples taken | Detections | Range of results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 0.0197 ppb | 32 | 1 | ND - 0.630 ppb |
| 2015 | ND | 11 | 0 | ND |
| 2016 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2017 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2018 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2019 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
ppb = parts per billion
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EWG Health Guideline 0.35 ppb
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.35 ppb for 1,4-dioxane was defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.
ppb = parts per billion
All test results
| Date | Lab ID | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 2014-05-20 | 201405220552AM | ND |
| 2014-05-20 | 201405220514AM | ND |
| 2014-05-20 | 201405220517AM | ND |
| 2014-05-20 | 201405220554AM | ND |
| 2014-05-20 | 201405220511AM | ND |
| 2014-05-20 | 201405220487AM | ND |
| 2014-05-20 | 201405220557AM | ND |
| 2014-05-20 | 201405220596AM | ND |
| 2014-05-20 | 201405220560AM | ND |
| 2014-05-21 | 201405230211AM | ND |
| 2014-08-18 | 201408200675AM | ND |
| 2014-08-18 | 201408200629AM | ND |
| 2014-08-18 | 201408200593AM | ND |
| 2014-08-18 | 201408200642AM | ND |
| 2014-08-18 | 201408200308AM | ND |
| 2014-08-18 | 201408200640AM | ND |
| 2014-08-18 | 201408200301AM | 0.630 ppb |
| 2014-08-18 | 201408200666AM | ND |
| 2014-08-18 | 201408210408AM | ND |
| 2014-08-18 | 201408200604AM | ND |
| 2014-08-28 | 201409030634AM | ND |
| 2014-11-17 | 201411190501AM | ND |
| 2014-11-17 | 201411190575AM | ND |
| 2014-11-17 | 201411190281AM | ND |
| 2014-11-17 | 201411190588AM | ND |
| 2014-11-17 | 201411190711AM | ND |
| 2014-11-18 | 201411200618AM | ND |
| 2014-11-18 | 201411200419AM | ND |
| 2014-11-18 | 201411200621AM | ND |
| 2014-11-18 | 201411200624AM | ND |
| 2014-11-19 | 201411210530AM | ND |
| 2014-11-28 | 201412020247AM | ND |
| 2015-02-17 | 201502191114AM | ND |
| 2015-02-17 | 201502191171AM | ND |
| 2015-02-17 | 201502191117AM | ND |
| 2015-02-17 | 201502191080AM | ND |
| 2015-02-17 | 201502191084AM | ND |
| 2015-02-17 | 201502191096AM | ND |
| 2015-02-17 | 201502191131AM | ND |
| 2015-02-17 | 201502191041AM | ND |
| 2015-02-17 | 201502191194AM | ND |
| 2015-02-18 | 201502210062AM | ND |
| 2015-02-20 | 201502230428AM | ND |