Fluoride
Smyrna Water Department
Fluoride occurs naturally in surface and groundwater and is also added to drinking water by many water systems. Read More.
Fluoride has been promoted as a chemical that reduces dental cavities. Yet it is now well-established that fluoride primarily exerts its protective effects through topical mechanisms, such as sodium fluoride in toothpaste and mouthwash. In contrast, long-term ingestion of fluoride in water increases dental fluorosis, which includes mottling, pitting and weakening of the teeth. EPA's maximum legal limit is set at 4 parts per million (ppm) to prevent skeletal fluorosis, a condition where bones become brittle and more susceptible to fractures, although these effects may occur at lower doses.
Even fluoride levels of 0.7 ppm, the amount of fluoride in drinking water recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service, can result in too much fluoride for bottle-fed babies. EWG recommends that caregivers mix baby formula with fluoride-free water. The National Toxicology Program is investigating the potential for low doses of fluoride to alter thyroid function and childhood brain development.
224
Samples
0
Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)
0
Samples exceeding
health guidelines
Testing results - average by year
| Year | Average result | Samples taken | Detections | Range of results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 0.900 ppm | 29 | 29 | 0.490 ppm - 1.13 ppm |
| 2015 | 0.846 ppm | 36 | 36 | 0.190 ppm - 1.17 ppm |
| 2016 | 0.878 ppm | 38 | 38 | 0.180 ppm - 1.62 ppm |
| 2017 | 0.866 ppm | 40 | 40 | 0.240 ppm - 1.54 ppm |
| 2018 | 0.927 ppm | 39 | 38 | ND - 1.36 ppm |
| 2019 | 1.02 ppm | 42 | 42 | 0.254 ppm - 2.12 ppm |
ppm = parts per million
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL) 4 ppm
ppm = parts per million
All test results
| Date | Lab ID | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 2014-01-30 | S402176 | 1.13 ppm |
| 2014-01-30 | S402177 | 1.12 ppm |
| 2014-02-28 | S402178 | 0.870 ppm |
| 2014-02-28 | S402179 | 0.870 ppm |
| 2014-03-24 | S507276 | 0.590 ppm |
| 2014-03-24 | S507277 | 0.720 ppm |
| 2014-03-24 | S507278 | 0.490 ppm |
| 2014-03-27 | S402180 | 0.890 ppm |
| 2014-03-27 | S402181 | 0.890 ppm |
| 2014-03-27 | S402182 | 0.890 ppm |
| 2014-04-28 | S402183 | 0.830 ppm |
| 2014-04-28 | S402184 | 0.920 ppm |
| 2014-04-28 | S402185 | 0.910 ppm |
| 2014-05-28 | S402186 | 0.870 ppm |
| 2014-05-28 | S402187 | 0.870 ppm |
| 2014-05-28 | S402188 | 0.900 ppm |
| 2014-06-25 | S402189 | 0.950 ppm |
| 2014-06-25 | S402190 | 0.950 ppm |
| 2014-07-25 | S403046 | 0.700 ppm |
| 2014-07-25 | S403047 | 0.950 ppm |
| 2014-08-27 | S403048 | 0.710 ppm |
| 2014-08-27 | S403049 | 0.970 ppm |
| 2014-09-26 | S403050 | 1.08 ppm |
| 2014-09-26 | S403051 | 1.08 ppm |
| 2014-10-29 | S403052 | 0.960 ppm |
| 2014-10-29 | S403053 | 0.960 ppm |
| 2014-11-26 | S403054 | 0.890 ppm |
| 2014-12-22 | S403056 | 1.07 ppm |
| 2014-12-22 | S403057 | 1.07 ppm |
| 2015-01-29 | S403058 | 1.10 ppm |
| 2015-01-29 | S403059 | 1.10 ppm |
| 2015-02-26 | S403060 | 0.980 ppm |
| 2015-02-26 | S403256 | 0.980 ppm |
| 2015-03-27 | S403257 | 0.990 ppm |
| 2015-03-27 | S403258 | 0.370 ppm |
| 2015-03-27 | S403259 | 0.370 ppm |
| 2015-04-27 | S403260 | 0.850 ppm |
| 2015-04-27 | S403261 | 0.550 ppm |
| 2015-04-27 | S403262 | 0.320 ppm |
| 2015-05-26 | S403263 | 0.990 ppm |
| 2015-05-26 | S403264 | 1.000 ppm |
| 2015-06-29 | S403265 | 0.950 ppm |
| 2015-06-29 | S403266 | 0.950 ppm |
| 2015-06-29 | S403267 | 1.17 ppm |
| 2015-07-30 | S403268 | 0.890 ppm |
| 2015-07-30 | S403269 | 0.890 ppm |
| 2015-07-30 | S403270 | 1.09 ppm |
| 2015-08-26 | S403286 | 0.390 ppm |
| 2015-08-26 | S403287 | 0.750 ppm |
| 2015-08-26 | S403288 | 1.02 ppm |
| 2015-09-29 | S403289 | 1.02 ppm |
| 2015-09-29 | S403290 | 0.990 ppm |
| 2015-09-29 | S403291 | 0.990 ppm |
| 2015-10-26 | S403292 | 0.820 ppm |
| 2015-10-26 | S403293 | 0.820 ppm |
| 2015-10-26 | S403294 | 0.830 ppm |
| 2015-11-25 | S403295 | 0.910 ppm |
| 2015-11-25 | S403296 | 0.920 ppm |
| 2015-11-25 | S403297 | 0.920 ppm |
| 2015-12-17 | S628959 | 0.190 ppm |
| 2015-12-17 | S628960 | 1.09 ppm |
| 2015-12-17 | S628961 | 0.370 ppm |
| 2015-12-22 | S403298 | 1.05 ppm |
| 2015-12-22 | S403299 | 0.770 ppm |
| 2015-12-22 | S403300 | 1.05 ppm |
| 2016-01-28 | S642166 | 0.760 ppm |
| 2016-01-28 | S642167 | 0.760 ppm |
| 2016-01-28 | S642168 | 0.760 ppm |
| 2016-02-25 | S642169 | 1.01 ppm |
| 2016-02-25 | S642170 | 0.650 ppm |
| 2016-02-25 | S642171 | 1.06 ppm |
| 2016-03-30 | S642172 | 0.820 ppm |
| 2016-03-30 | S642173 | 0.820 ppm |
| 2016-03-30 | S642174 | 0.920 ppm |
| 2016-04-26 | S642175 | 0.920 ppm |
| 2016-04-26 | S642176 | 0.950 ppm |
| 2016-05-26 | S642178 | 0.880 ppm |
| 2016-05-26 | S642179 | 0.890 ppm |
| 2016-05-26 | S642180 | 0.920 ppm |
| 2016-06-29 | S661962 | 0.970 ppm |
| 2016-06-29 | S661963 | 1.02 ppm |
| 2016-06-29 | S661964 | 1.02 ppm |
| 2016-07-29 | S661965 | 0.960 ppm |
| 2016-07-29 | S661966 | 0.970 ppm |
| 2016-07-29 | S661967 | 0.990 ppm |
| 2016-08-30 | S661968 | 0.910 ppm |
| 2016-08-30 | S661969 | 0.810 ppm |
| 2016-08-30 | S661970 | 0.390 ppm |
| 2016-09-28 | S661971 | 0.830 ppm |
| 2016-09-28 | S661972 | 0.780 ppm |
| 2016-09-28 | S661973 | 0.940 ppm |
| 2016-10-11 | S719491 | 0.180 ppm |
| 2016-10-11 | S719492 | 0.460 ppm |
| 2016-10-11 | S719493 | 0.980 ppm |
| 2016-10-26 | S661974 | 0.730 ppm |
| 2016-10-26 | S661975 | 1.47 ppm |
| 2016-10-26 | S661976 | 1.47 ppm |
| 2016-11-29 | S642151 | 0.680 ppm |
| 2016-11-29 | S642152 | 1.62 ppm |
| 2016-11-29 | S642153 | 0.680 ppm |
| 2016-12-28 | S642154 | 0.750 ppm |
| 2016-12-28 | S642155 | 0.810 ppm |
| 2016-12-28 | S642156 | 0.810 ppm |
| 2017-01-27 | S642157 | 0.720 ppm |
| 2017-01-27 | S642158 | 0.840 ppm |
| 2017-01-27 | S642159 | 0.800 ppm |
| 2017-02-24 | S642160 | 0.690 ppm |
| 2017-02-24 | S642161 | 0.680 ppm |
| 2017-02-24 | S642162 | 0.780 ppm |
| 2017-03-28 | S642163 | 0.740 ppm |
| 2017-03-28 | S642164 | 0.670 ppm |
| 2017-03-28 | S642165 | 0.740 ppm |
| 2017-04-27 | S732480 | 1.24 ppm |
| 2017-04-27 | S732481 | 1.26 ppm |
| 2017-04-27 | S732482 | 0.850 ppm |
| 2017-05-31 | S732483 | 0.660 ppm |
| 2017-05-31 | S732484 | 1.53 ppm |
| 2017-05-31 | S732485 | 1.54 ppm |
| 2017-06-15 | S737957 | 0.780 ppm |
| 2017-06-15 | S737958 | 0.240 ppm |
| 2017-06-15 | S737959 | 0.260 ppm |
| 2017-06-28 | S732486 | 1.49 ppm |
| 2017-06-28 | S732487 | 0.900 ppm |
| 2017-06-28 | S732488 | 0.910 ppm |
| 2017-07-28 | S732489 | 0.650 ppm |
| 2017-07-28 | S732490 | 1.42 ppm |
| 2017-07-28 | S732491 | 1.42 ppm |
| 2017-08-29 | S732492 | 0.810 ppm |
| 2017-08-29 | S732493 | 0.820 ppm |
| 2017-08-29 | S732494 | 0.820 ppm |
| 2017-09-29 | S732465 | 0.710 ppm |
| 2017-09-29 | S732466 | 0.710 ppm |
| 2017-09-29 | S732467 | 0.710 ppm |
| 2017-10-27 | S732468 | 0.570 ppm |
| 2017-10-27 | S732469 | 0.560 ppm |
| 2017-10-27 | S732470 | 0.570 ppm |
| 2017-10-31 | S779017 | 0.320 ppm |
| 2017-11-29 | S732471 | 0.760 ppm |
| 2017-11-29 | S732472 | 0.760 ppm |
| 2017-11-29 | S732473 | 0.730 ppm |
| 2017-12-29 | S732474 | 1.33 ppm |
| 2017-12-29 | S732475 | 1.33 ppm |
| 2017-12-29 | S732476 | 1.33 ppm |
| 2018-01-30 | S732477 | 0.820 ppm |
| 2018-01-30 | S732478 | 0.820 ppm |
| 2018-01-30 | S732479 | 0.820 ppm |
| 2018-02-26 | S769531 | 0.884 ppm |
| 2018-02-26 | S769532 | 0.884 ppm |
| 2018-02-26 | S769533 | 0.884 ppm |
| 2018-03-28 | S769534 | 0.900 ppm |
| 2018-03-28 | S769535 | 0.900 ppm |
| 2018-03-28 | S769536 | 0.900 ppm |
| 2018-04-27 | S732435 | 0.913 ppm |
| 2018-04-27 | S732436 | 0.913 ppm |
| 2018-04-27 | S732437 | 0.911 ppm |
| 2018-05-30 | S732438 | 0.706 ppm |
| 2018-05-30 | S732439 | 0.702 ppm |
| 2018-05-30 | S732440 | 0.711 ppm |
| 2018-06-29 | S732441 | 0.944 ppm |
| 2018-06-29 | S732442 | 0.948 ppm |
| 2018-06-29 | S732443 | 0.943 ppm |
| 2018-07-26 | S732444 | 1.01 ppm |
| 2018-07-26 | S732445 | 1.01 ppm |
| 2018-07-26 | S732446 | 0.991 ppm |
| 2018-08-30 | S732447 | 1.35 ppm |
| 2018-08-30 | S732448 | 1.36 ppm |
| 2018-08-30 | S732449 | 1.34 ppm |
| 2018-09-28 | S815960 | 1.05 ppm |
| 2018-09-28 | S815961 | 1.04 ppm |
| 2018-09-28 | S815962 | 1.04 ppm |
| 2018-10-26 | S815966 | 1.11 ppm |
| 2018-10-26 | S815967 | 1.12 ppm |
| 2018-10-26 | S815968 | 1.12 ppm |
| 2018-11-30 | S815963 | 0.936 ppm |
| 2018-11-30 | S815964 | 0.921 ppm |
| 2018-11-30 | S815965 | 0.908 ppm |
| 2018-12-03 | S850899 | 0.814 ppm |
| 2018-12-03 | S850900 | ND |
| 2018-12-03 | S850901 | 0.711 ppm |
| 2018-12-27 | S815969 | 0.880 ppm |
| 2018-12-27 | S815970 | 0.972 ppm |
| 2018-12-27 | S815971 | 0.967 ppm |
| 2019-01-30 | S815972 | 0.915 ppm |
| 2019-01-30 | S815973 | 0.915 ppm |
| 2019-01-30 | S815974 | 0.917 ppm |
| 2019-02-27 | S815945 | 0.401 ppm |
| 2019-02-27 | S815946 | 0.430 ppm |
| 2019-02-27 | S815947 | 0.427 ppm |
| 2019-03-29 | S815948 | 1.76 ppm |
| 2019-03-29 | S815949 | 1.76 ppm |
| 2019-03-29 | S815950 | 1.76 ppm |
| 2019-04-29 | S815951 | 1.61 ppm |
| 2019-04-29 | S815952 | 1.61 ppm |
| 2019-04-29 | S815953 | 1.61 ppm |
| 2019-05-30 | S815954 | 1.56 ppm |
| 2019-05-30 | S815955 | 1.55 ppm |
| 2019-05-30 | S815956 | 1.56 ppm |
| 2019-06-28 | S815957 | 2.12 ppm |
| 2019-06-28 | S815958 | 2.12 ppm |
| 2019-06-28 | S815959 | 2.12 ppm |
| 2019-07-02 | S837645 | 1.52 ppm |
| 2019-07-02 | S837646 | 1.54 ppm |
| 2019-07-02 | S837647 | 1.54 ppm |
| 2019-07-30 | S837648 | 0.454 ppm |
| 2019-07-30 | S837649 | 0.455 ppm |
| 2019-07-30 | S837650 | 0.456 ppm |
| 2019-08-29 | S837651 | 0.723 ppm |
| 2019-08-29 | S837652 | 0.721 ppm |
| 2019-08-29 | S837653 | 0.719 ppm |
| 2019-09-27 | S837654 | 0.717 ppm |
| 2019-09-27 | S837655 | 0.717 ppm |
| 2019-09-27 | S837656 | 0.717 ppm |
| 2019-10-10 | S920201 | 0.847 ppm |
| 2019-10-10 | S920202 | 0.469 ppm |
| 2019-10-10 | S920203 | 0.254 ppm |
| 2019-10-30 | S837657 | 0.623 ppm |
| 2019-10-30 | S837658 | 0.453 ppm |
| 2019-10-30 | S837659 | 0.453 ppm |
| 2019-11-25 | S837630 | 0.699 ppm |
| 2019-11-25 | S837631 | 0.749 ppm |
| 2019-11-25 | S837632 | 0.753 ppm |
| 2019-12-27 | S837633 | 0.662 ppm |
| 2019-12-27 | S837634 | 0.658 ppm |
| 2019-12-27 | S837635 | 0.657 ppm |