1,4-Dioxane
City of Woodland
1,4-Dioxane is a solvent classified by the EPA as a likely human carcinogen. It contaminates groundwater in many states due to industrial wastewater discharges, plastic manufacturing runoff and landfill runoff. Read More.
Animal studies show that 1,4-dioxane can target the liver, kidneys and respiratory system, and that prenatal exposure can harm the developing fetus. The State of California has set a Public Heatlh Goal of no more than 1 part per billion of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water. The state of Massachusetts sets a legal limit of 0.3 ppb, and New Hampshire's limit is 3 parts per billion. There is no national drinking water standard for this contaminant.
Samples
Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)
Samples exceeding
health guidelines
Testing results - average by year
| Year | Average result | Samples taken | Detections | Range of results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | ND | 3 | 0 | ND |
| 2014 | 0.00556 ppb | 16 | 1 | ND - 0.0890 ppb |
| 2015 | 0.00723 ppb | 13 | 1 | ND - 0.0940 ppb |
| 2016 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2017 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2018 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2019 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
ppb = parts per billion
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EWG Health Guideline 0.35 ppb
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.35 ppb for 1,4-dioxane was defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.
ppb = parts per billion
All test results
| Date | Lab ID | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 2013-10-28 | A3J2070-01A | ND |
| 2013-10-28 | A3J2070-02A | ND |
| 2013-10-28 | A3J2070-03A | ND |
| 2014-04-01 | A4C1133-21A | ND |
| 2014-04-01 | A4C1133-37A | ND |
| 2014-04-01 | A4C1133-09A | ND |
| 2014-04-01 | A4C1133-11A | ND |
| 2014-04-01 | A4C1133-17A | ND |
| 2014-04-01 | A4C1133-13A | ND |
| 2014-04-01 | A4C1133-03A | ND |
| 2014-04-01 | A4C1133-01A | ND |
| 2014-04-01 | A4C1133-07A | ND |
| 2014-04-01 | A4C1133-05A | ND |
| 2014-04-01 | A4C1133-31A | ND |
| 2014-04-01 | A4C1133-25A | 0.0890 ppb |
| 2014-04-01 | A4C1133-23A | ND |
| 2014-04-01 | A4C1133-33A | ND |
| 2014-04-01 | A4C1133-19A | ND |
| 2014-06-12 | A4F0786-01A | ND |
| 2015-04-23 | A5D1294-13A | ND |
| 2015-04-23 | A5D1294-09A | ND |
| 2015-04-23 | A5D1294-06A | ND |
| 2015-04-23 | A5D1294-05A | ND |
| 2015-04-23 | A5D1294-07A | ND |
| 2015-04-23 | A5D1294-08A | ND |
| 2015-04-23 | A5D1294-12A | ND |
| 2015-04-23 | A5D1294-02A | ND |
| 2015-04-23 | A5D1294-10A | 0.0940 ppb |
| 2015-04-23 | A5D1294-01A | ND |
| 2015-04-23 | A5D1294-04A | ND |
| 2015-04-23 | A5D1294-03A | ND |
| 2015-04-23 | A5D1294-11A | ND |