1,4-Dioxane
California Water Service (CWS) - Visalia
1,4-Dioxane is a solvent classified by the EPA as a likely human carcinogen. It contaminates groundwater in many states due to industrial wastewater discharges, plastic manufacturing runoff and landfill runoff. Read More.
Animal studies show that 1,4-dioxane can target the liver, kidneys and respiratory system, and that prenatal exposure can harm the developing fetus. The State of California has set a Public Heatlh Goal of no more than 1 part per billion of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water. The state of Massachusetts sets a legal limit of 0.3 ppb, and New Hampshire's limit is 3 parts per billion. There is no national drinking water standard for this contaminant.
Samples
Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)
Samples exceeding
health guidelines
Testing results - average by year
| Year | Average result | Samples taken | Detections | Range of results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 0.00979 ppb | 79 | 3 | ND - 0.380 ppb |
| 2015 | ND | 6 | 0 | ND |
| 2016 | ND | 1 | 0 | ND |
| 2017 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2018 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2019 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
ppb = parts per billion
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EWG Health Guideline 0.35 ppb
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.35 ppb for 1,4-dioxane was defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.
ppb = parts per billion
All test results
| Date | Lab ID | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 2014-04-01 | A4C1081-09A | ND |
| 2014-04-01 | A4C1081-01A | ND |
| 2014-04-03 | A4C1081-13A | 0.380 ppb |
| 2014-04-07 | A4C1253-05A | ND |
| 2014-04-08 | A4C1253-01A | ND |
| 2014-04-13 | A4C1476-13A | ND |
| 2014-04-13 | A4C1476-01A | ND |
| 2014-04-15 | A4C1476-09A | ND |
| 2014-04-22 | A4C1796-05A | ND |
| 2014-04-24 | A4C1796-01A | ND |
| 2014-04-25 | A4C1796-09A | ND |
| 2014-05-06 | A4C2018-09A | ND |
| 2014-05-07 | A4C2018-13A | ND |
| 2014-05-07 | A4C2018-01A | ND |
| 2014-05-07 | A4C2018-17A | ND |
| 2014-05-08 | A4C2018-21A | ND |
| 2014-05-08 | A4C2018-05A | ND |
| 2014-05-09 | A4C2018-25A | ND |
| 2014-05-12 | A4D0061-17A | ND |
| 2014-05-12 | A4D0061-13A | ND |
| 2014-05-12 | A4D0061-21A | ND |
| 2014-05-12 | A4D0061-05A | ND |
| 2014-05-13 | A4D0061-01A | ND |
| 2014-05-14 | A4D0061-09A | ND |
| 2014-05-19 | A4D1188-13A | ND |
| 2014-05-19 | A4D1188-05A | ND |
| 2014-05-22 | A4D1188-09A | ND |
| 2014-06-02 | A4D1544-01A | ND |
| 2014-06-02 | A4D1544-05A | ND |
| 2014-06-05 | A4D1544-09A | ND |
| 2014-06-10 | A4E0756-01A | ND |
| 2014-06-11 | A4D1544-13A | ND |
| 2014-06-12 | A4E0756-05A | ND |
| 2014-06-12 | A4E0756-13A | ND |
| 2014-06-13 | A4E0756-09A | ND |
| 2014-06-16 | A4E2267-01A | ND |
| 2014-06-17 | A4E2264-01A | ND |
| 2014-06-18 | A4E2262-01A | ND |
| 2014-06-19 | A4E2265-01A | ND |
| 2014-06-23 | A4F1344-01A | ND |
| 2014-06-24 | A4F1344-05A | ND |
| 2014-10-06 | A4I2143-01A | ND |
| 2014-10-13 | A4J0085-01A | ND |
| 2014-10-14 | A4J0086-01A | ND |
| 2014-10-15 | A4J0088-01A | ND |
| 2014-10-19 | A4J1139-01A | ND |
| 2014-10-20 | A4J1142-01A | ND |
| 2014-10-26 | A4J1758-01A | 0.300 ppb |
| 2014-10-26 | A4J1756-01A | ND |
| 2014-10-27 | A4J1140-01A | ND |
| 2014-11-01 | A4J2319-01A | ND |
| 2014-11-02 | A4J2327-01A | ND |
| 2014-11-03 | A4J2325-01A | 0.0930 ppb |
| 2014-11-03 | A4J2329-01A | ND |
| 2014-11-04 | A4J2323-01A | ND |
| 2014-11-04 | A4J2321-01A | ND |
| 2014-11-05 | A4J2330-01A | ND |
| 2014-11-09 | A4J2695-01A | ND |
| 2014-11-10 | A4J2699-01A | ND |
| 2014-11-10 | A4J2697-01A | ND |
| 2014-11-11 | A4J2692-01A | ND |
| 2014-11-12 | A4J2693-01A | ND |
| 2014-11-16 | A4K0480-01A | ND |
| 2014-11-16 | A4K0484-01A | ND |
| 2014-11-17 | A4K0487-01A | ND |
| 2014-11-18 | A4K0485-01A | ND |
| 2014-11-20 | A4K0483-01A | ND |
| 2014-11-30 | A4K1839-01A | ND |
| 2014-12-01 | A4K1842-01A | ND |
| 2014-12-02 | A4K1841-01A | ND |
| 2014-12-08 | A4K2085-01A | ND |
| 2014-12-08 | A4K2207-01A | ND |
| 2014-12-08 | A4K2083-01A | ND |
| 2014-12-09 | A4K2208-01A | ND |
| 2014-12-09 | A4K2212-01A | ND |
| 2014-12-09 | A4K2214-01A | ND |
| 2014-12-10 | A4K2211-01A | ND |
| 2014-12-11 | A4K2209-01A | ND |
| 2014-12-12 | A4K2210-01A | ND |
| 2015-04-16 | 201504170372AM | ND |
| 2015-04-16 | 201504170414AM | ND |
| 2015-04-23 | 201504240285AM | ND |
| 2015-07-06 | 201507070573AM | ND |
| 2015-12-16 | 201512170414AM | ND |
| 2015-12-20 | 201512230706AM | ND |
| 2016-01-12 | 201601130618AM | ND |