1,4-Dioxane
California American Water Company - Antelope
1,4-Dioxane is a solvent classified by the EPA as a likely human carcinogen. It contaminates groundwater in many states due to industrial wastewater discharges, plastic manufacturing runoff and landfill runoff. Read More.
Animal studies show that 1,4-dioxane can target the liver, kidneys and respiratory system, and that prenatal exposure can harm the developing fetus. The State of California has set a Public Heatlh Goal of no more than 1 part per billion of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water. The state of Massachusetts sets a legal limit of 0.3 ppb, and New Hampshire's limit is 3 parts per billion. There is no national drinking water standard for this contaminant.
Samples
Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)
Samples exceeding
health guidelines
Testing results - average by year
| Year | Average result | Samples taken | Detections | Range of results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | ND | 26 | 0 | ND |
| 2014 | ND | 2 | 0 | ND |
| 2015 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2016 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2017 | ND | 4 | 0 | ND |
| 2018 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2019 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
ppb = parts per billion
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EWG Health Guideline 0.35 ppb
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.35 ppb for 1,4-dioxane was defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.
ppb = parts per billion
All test results
| Date | Lab ID | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 2013-02-05 | 20900601 | ND |
| 2013-02-06 | 20900301 | ND |
| 2013-02-06 | 20900401 | ND |
| 2013-02-06 | 20901101 | ND |
| 2013-02-11 | 20900701 | ND |
| 2013-03-05 | 20899901 | ND |
| 2013-03-05 | 20900001 | ND |
| 2013-03-11 | 20900901 | ND |
| 2013-03-11 | 20900101 | ND |
| 2013-03-12 | 20900201 | ND |
| 2013-03-12 | 20901001 | ND |
| 2013-06-27 | 20900501 | ND |
| 2013-06-27 | 20900801 | ND |
| 2013-06-27 | 22953901 | ND |
| 2013-08-07 | 23014401 | ND |
| 2013-08-07 | 23013901 | ND |
| 2013-08-08 | 23014001 | ND |
| 2013-08-08 | 23013801 | ND |
| 2013-08-08 | 23014301 | ND |
| 2013-08-12 | 23014601 | ND |
| 2013-08-12 | 23014801 | ND |
| 2013-08-12 | 23013601 | ND |
| 2013-08-13 | 23014701 | ND |
| 2013-08-13 | 23014101 | ND |
| 2013-08-15 | 23013701 | ND |
| 2013-12-12 | 24576001 | ND |
| 2014-01-15 | 24624301 | ND |
| 2014-01-15 | 24624401 | ND |
| 2017-11-08 | 9590-012-0820 | ND |
| 2017-11-08 | 9590-008-1000 | ND |
| 2017-11-08 | 9590-007-1030 | ND |
| 2017-11-08 | 9590-005-0920 | ND |