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EWG's Tap Water Database — 2021 UPDATE

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1,4-Dioxane

Golden State WC - Placentia

1,4-Dioxane is a solvent classified by the EPA as a likely human carcinogen. It contaminates groundwater in many states due to industrial wastewater discharges, plastic manufacturing runoff and landfill runoff. Read More.

Animal studies show that 1,4-dioxane can target the liver, kidneys and respiratory system, and that prenatal exposure can harm the developing fetus. The State of California has set a Public Heatlh Goal of no more than 1 part per billion of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water. The state of Massachusetts sets a legal limit of 0.3 ppb, and New Hampshire's limit is 3 parts per billion. There is no national drinking water standard for this contaminant.

Click here to read more about 1,4-dioxane.

MORE ABOUT THIS CONTAMINANT

 

47

Samples

0

Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)

1

Samples exceeding
health guidelines

Testing results - average by year

 
YearAverage resultSamples takenDetectionsRange of results
20130.112 ppb93ND - 0.500 ppb
2014ND40ND
2015ND50ND
2016ND110ND
2017ND60ND
2018ND40ND
2019ND80ND

ppb = parts per billion

State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines

EWG Health Guideline 0.35 ppb

The EWG Health Guideline of 0.35 ppb for 1,4-dioxane was defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.

ppb = parts per billion

All test results

Date Lab ID Result
2013-02-0530100358060.500 ppb
2013-02-0530100358020.160 ppb
2013-02-053010035805ND
2013-03-043010035807ND
2013-06-103010035807-2ND
2013-08-053010035806-20.350 ppb
2013-08-063010035805-2ND
2013-09-033010035807-3ND
2013-12-093010035807-4ND
2014-01-234417-001-0920ND
2014-01-234417-002-0935ND
2014-01-234417-005-1000ND
2014-03-104417-003-1140ND
2015-01-204417-005-1015ND
2015-01-204417-001-0940ND
2015-03-094417-003-1010ND
2015-03-254417-002-1135ND
2015-05-184417-003-0945ND
2016-01-194417-003-1100ND
2016-01-194417-002-1030ND
2016-01-194417-005-1130ND
2016-04-194417-005-1030ND
2016-04-194417-001-0940ND
2016-04-194417-003-0920ND
2016-07-184417-001-0930ND
2016-07-184417-002-0910ND
2016-07-184417-003-0850ND
2016-07-184417-005-1010ND
2016-07-274417-003-1110ND
2017-01-104417-005-1040ND
2017-01-244417-003-1100ND
2017-04-274417-003-0845ND
2017-04-274417-002-0905ND
2017-04-274417-001-0915ND
2017-05-014417-005-1240ND
2018-01-294417-005-0920ND
2018-02-054417-003-0930ND
2018-04-244417-002-1235ND
2018-04-244417-001-1225ND
2019-01-104417-003-1000ND
2019-04-294417-005-1010ND
2019-04-294417-003-0840ND
2019-04-294417-002-0940ND
2019-04-294417-001-0925ND
2019-05-064417-003-1235ND
2019-08-064417-003-1325ND
2019-10-244417-003-1015ND