1,4-Dioxane
Valencia Water Company
1,4-Dioxane is a solvent classified by the EPA as a likely human carcinogen. It contaminates groundwater in many states due to industrial wastewater discharges, plastic manufacturing runoff and landfill runoff. Read More.
Animal studies show that 1,4-dioxane can target the liver, kidneys and respiratory system, and that prenatal exposure can harm the developing fetus. The State of California has set a Public Heatlh Goal of no more than 1 part per billion of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water. The state of Massachusetts sets a legal limit of 0.3 ppb, and New Hampshire's limit is 3 parts per billion. There is no national drinking water standard for this contaminant.
Samples
Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)
Samples exceeding
health guidelines
Testing results - average by year
| Year | Average result | Samples taken | Detections | Range of results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | ND | 4 | 0 | ND |
| 2014 | 0.110 ppb | 35 | 11 | ND - 0.700 ppb |
| 2015 | ND | 1 | 0 | ND |
| 2016 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2017 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2018 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2019 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
ppb = parts per billion
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EWG Health Guideline 0.35 ppb
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.35 ppb for 1,4-dioxane was defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.
ppb = parts per billion
All test results
| Date | Lab ID | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 2013-02-27 | 201303010058AM | ND |
| 2013-05-15 | 201305160535AM | ND |
| 2013-08-23 | 201308290470AM | ND |
| 2013-11-11 | 201311150009AM | ND |
| 2014-03-05 | 201403050961AM | ND |
| 2014-03-05 | 201403050959AM | ND |
| 2014-03-12 | 201403120915AM | 0.700 ppb |
| 2014-03-12 | 201403120928AM | 0.0780 ppb |
| 2014-03-12 | 201403120917AM | 0.650 ppb |
| 2014-04-09 | 201404100450AM | ND |
| 2014-04-16 | 201404180193AM | 0.0960 ppb |
| 2014-04-16 | 201404180189AM | ND |
| 2014-04-16 | 201404180191AM | ND |
| 2014-04-16 | 201404180187AM | 0.400 ppb |
| 2014-04-16 | 201404180185AM | ND |
| 2014-04-23 | 201404230714AM | ND |
| 2014-05-14 | 201405141013AM | ND |
| 2014-05-28 | 201405280608AM | ND |
| 2014-05-28 | 201405280602AM | 0.530 ppb |
| 2014-05-28 | 201405280604AM | 0.290 ppb |
| 2014-05-28 | 201405280606AM | ND |
| 2014-06-11 | 201406120233AM | ND |
| 2014-06-25 | 201406250428AM | ND |
| 2014-09-04 | 201409040736AM | ND |
| 2014-09-04 | 201409040732AM | ND |
| 2014-09-04 | 201409040734AM | ND |
| 2014-10-09 | 201410090961AM | ND |
| 2014-10-10 | 201410160744AM | ND |
| 2014-10-10 | 201410160738AM | ND |
| 2014-10-10 | 201410160742AM | ND |
| 2014-10-10 | 201410160740AM | ND |
| 2014-10-16 | 201410160748AM | 0.500 ppb |
| 2014-10-16 | 201410160746AM | 0.0920 ppb |
| 2014-11-20 | 201411200792AM | ND |
| 2014-11-20 | 201411200790AM | 0.250 ppb |
| 2014-11-20 | 201411200788AM | 0.270 ppb |
| 2014-11-20 | 201411200796AM | ND |
| 2014-12-23 | 201412230684AM | ND |
| 2014-12-23 | 201412230683AM | ND |
| 2015-01-12 | 201501120433AM | ND |