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EWG's Tap Water Database — 2021 UPDATE

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Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)

Liberty Utilities - Bellflower - Norwalk

Perfluorononanoic acid, otherwise known as PFNA or C9, is a PFC similar in function and use to PFOA. These chemicals were used in the production of non-stick, stain repellent and chemically inert coatings. Click here to read more about perfluorinated chemicals.

MORE ABOUT THIS CONTAMINANT

 

22

Samples

0

Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)

6

Samples exceeding
health guidelines

Testing results - average by year

 
YearAverage resultSamples takenDetectionsRange of results
2013ND100ND
2014ND20ND
2015N/A00N/A
2016N/A00N/A
2017N/A00N/A
2018N/A00N/A
20191.57 ppt106ND - 3.20 ppt

ppt = parts per trillion

State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines

EWG Health Guideline 1 ppt

The EWG Health Guideline of 1 ppt for perfluorononanoic acid was defined by EWG based on studies by Phillipe Grandjean of Harvard University and many other independent researchers who found reduced effectiveness of vaccines and adverse impacts on mammary gland development from exposure to PFOA and PFOS, the two PFAS most widely detected in drinking water. This health guideline applies to the entire class of PFAS detected in water.

EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL) 10 ppt

ppt = parts per trillion

All test results

Date Lab ID Result
2013-05-21201305210340AMND
2013-05-21201305210281AMND
2013-06-18201306180126AMND
2013-06-18201306180128AMND
2013-06-18201306180123AMND
2013-08-28201308280512AMND
2013-11-21201311220253AMND
2013-11-21201311220250AMND
2013-11-21201311220265AMND
2013-11-21201311220242AMND
2014-02-13201402130464AMND
2014-03-07201403070248AMND
2019-05-169588-031-0740ND
2019-05-169588-026-0810ND
2019-05-169588-016-0839ND
2019-08-149588-031-08592.00 ppt
2019-08-149588-026-08263.20 ppt
2019-08-149588-016-07552.90 ppt
2019-10-119590-031-1000ND
2019-10-119590-026-09302.80 ppt
2019-10-119590-016-09002.40 ppt
2019-12-199590-016-09452.40 ppt