1,4-Dioxane
Golden State Water Company (GSWC) - Bell, Bell Gardens
1,4-Dioxane is a solvent classified by the EPA as a likely human carcinogen. It contaminates groundwater in many states due to industrial wastewater discharges, plastic manufacturing runoff and landfill runoff. Read More.
Animal studies show that 1,4-dioxane can target the liver, kidneys and respiratory system, and that prenatal exposure can harm the developing fetus. The State of California has set a Public Heatlh Goal of no more than 1 part per billion of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water. The state of Massachusetts sets a legal limit of 0.3 ppb, and New Hampshire's limit is 3 parts per billion. There is no national drinking water standard for this contaminant.
Samples
Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)
Samples exceeding
health guidelines
Testing results - average by year
| Year | Average result | Samples taken | Detections | Range of results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | 1.84 ppb | 6 | 5 | ND - 6.00 ppb |
| 2014 | 0.717 ppb | 17 | 9 | ND - 2.60 ppb |
| 2015 | 0.767 ppb | 6 | 3 | ND - 2.40 ppb |
| 2016 | 0.283 ppb | 6 | 1 | ND - 1.70 ppb |
| 2017 | 0.460 ppb | 5 | 1 | ND - 2.30 ppb |
| 2018 | ND | 3 | 0 | ND |
| 2019 | ND | 4 | 0 | ND |
ppb = parts per billion
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EWG Health Guideline 0.35 ppb
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.35 ppb for 1,4-dioxane was defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.
ppb = parts per billion
All test results
| Date | Lab ID | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 2013-07-10 | 201307100973AM | 3.00 ppb |
| 2013-07-10 | 201307100975AM | 0.920 ppb |
| 2013-07-10 | 201307100979AM | 1.000 ppb |
| 2013-07-10 | 201307100977AM | 0.140 ppb |
| 2013-07-30 | 201307300520AM | ND |
| 2013-07-30 | 201307300518AM | 6.00 ppb |
| 2014-01-17 | 201401180043AM | 0.970 ppb |
| 2014-01-17 | 201401180041AM | 1.60 ppb |
| 2014-01-17 | 201401180037AM | 0.460 ppb |
| 2014-01-17 | 201401180035AM | 2.60 ppb |
| 2014-01-17 | 201401180039AM | 0.160 ppb |
| 2014-02-05 | 2706-032-0820 | ND |
| 2014-03-04 | 2706-012-1001 | 1.30 ppb |
| 2014-03-05 | 2706-031-0755 | 1.10 ppb |
| 2014-05-06 | 2706-032-0844 | ND |
| 2014-05-06 | 2706-012-1026 | 2.00 ppb |
| 2014-05-06 | 2706-031-1110 | ND |
| 2014-08-06 | 2706-032-0842 | ND |
| 2014-08-06 | 2706-031-1048 | ND |
| 2014-08-06 | 2706-012-0957 | ND |
| 2014-11-06 | 2706-032-0858 | ND |
| 2014-11-06 | 2706-031-1105 | ND |
| 2014-11-06 | 2706-012-1008 | 2.00 ppb |
| 2015-02-03 | 2706-032-0836 | 1.10 ppb |
| 2015-02-03 | 2706-031-1145 | 1.10 ppb |
| 2015-02-03 | 2706-012-1015 | 2.40 ppb |
| 2015-05-07 | 2706-032-1355 | ND |
| 2015-08-05 | 2706-032-1420 | ND |
| 2015-11-03 | 2706-032-0830 | ND |
| 2016-02-03 | 2706-012-0845 | 1.70 ppb |
| 2016-02-03 | 2706-031-1030 | ND |
| 2016-02-03 | 2706-032-0820 | ND |
| 2016-05-04 | 2706-032-1400 | ND |
| 2016-08-02 | 2706-032-0726 | ND |
| 2016-11-08 | 2706-032-0855 | ND |
| 2017-02-15 | 9590-012-1112 | 2.30 ppb |
| 2017-02-15 | 9590-032-0804 | ND |
| 2017-05-03 | 9590-032-1309 | ND |
| 2017-08-02 | 9590-032-0825 | ND |
| 2017-11-15 | 9590-032-0850 | ND |
| 2018-02-06 | 9590-032-1212 | ND |
| 2018-08-07 | 9590-032-1216 | ND |
| 2018-11-06 | 9590-032-0738 | ND |
| 2019-02-12 | 9590-032-1045 | ND |
| 2019-05-14 | 9590-032-1000 | ND |
| 2019-08-07 | 9590-032-1400 | ND |
| 2019-11-05 | 9590-032-1015 | ND |