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EWG's Tap Water Database — 2021 UPDATE

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1,4-Dioxane

Cal-water Service Company - Chico

1,4-Dioxane is a solvent classified by the EPA as a likely human carcinogen. It contaminates groundwater in many states due to industrial wastewater discharges, plastic manufacturing runoff and landfill runoff. Read More.

Animal studies show that 1,4-dioxane can target the liver, kidneys and respiratory system, and that prenatal exposure can harm the developing fetus. The State of California has set a Public Heatlh Goal of no more than 1 part per billion of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water. The state of Massachusetts sets a legal limit of 0.3 ppb, and New Hampshire's limit is 3 parts per billion. There is no national drinking water standard for this contaminant.

Click here to read more about 1,4-dioxane.

MORE ABOUT THIS CONTAMINANT

 

77

Samples

0

Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)

1

Samples exceeding
health guidelines

Testing results - average by year

 
YearAverage resultSamples takenDetectionsRange of results
20130.0196 ppb231ND - 0.450 ppb
20140.0179 ppb525ND - 0.270 ppb
2015ND20ND
2016N/A00N/A
2017N/A00N/A
2018N/A00N/A
2019N/A00N/A

ppb = parts per billion

State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines

EWG Health Guideline 0.35 ppb

The EWG Health Guideline of 0.35 ppb for 1,4-dioxane was defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.

ppb = parts per billion

All test results

Date Lab ID Result
2013-07-08201307090267AMND
2013-07-10201307110716AMND
2013-07-10201307110725AMND
2013-07-23201307240453AMND
2013-07-24201307250297AMND
2013-08-05201308060208AMND
2013-08-05201308060173AMND
2013-08-07201308080296AMND
2013-08-14201308150518AMND
2013-08-14201308150418AMND
2013-08-14201308150375AMND
2013-08-20201308210530AMND
2013-08-20201308210544AMND
2013-08-21201308220227AMND
2013-08-21201308220193AMND
2013-08-27201308290352AM0.450 ppb
2013-09-17201309180769AMND
2013-09-17201309180759AMND
2013-09-18201309200059AMND
2013-10-08201310090468AMND
2013-10-08201310090665AMND
2013-10-08201310090477AMND
2013-10-15201310160275AMND
2014-01-07201401080520AM0.180 ppb
2014-01-07201401080501AMND
2014-01-08201401090454AM0.230 ppb
2014-01-14201401150422AMND
2014-01-21201401220303AMND
2014-01-22201401230437AMND
2014-01-28201401290596AMND
2014-02-11201402120782AMND
2014-02-11201402120773AMND
2014-02-11201402120764AMND
2014-02-12201402130415AMND
2014-02-12201402130424AMND
2014-02-12201402130405AMND
2014-02-19201402200382AMND
2014-02-26201402270201AMND
2014-02-26201402270252AMND
2014-02-28201403010101AMND
2014-03-04201403050468AMND
2014-03-04201403050604AMND
2014-03-04201403050447AMND
2014-03-05201403060271AM0.270 ppb
2014-03-17201403180309AMND
2014-03-17201403180360AMND
2014-03-18201403190856AMND
2014-03-18201403190841AMND
2014-04-08201404090693AMND
2014-04-09201404100716AMND
2014-04-09201404100764AMND
2014-04-09201404100815AMND
2014-04-09201404100736AMND
2014-04-22201404230453AMND
2014-04-22201404230618AM0.0720 ppb
2014-04-23201404240398AMND
2014-04-23201404240505AMND
2014-06-179590-052-1055ND
2014-06-18201406190417AMND
2014-07-09201407100537AMND
2014-07-14201407150438AMND
2014-08-05201408060339AMND
2014-08-05201408060373AMND
2014-08-06201408070481AMND
2014-09-09201409110321AMND
2014-09-09201409110342AM0.180 ppb
2014-09-10201409110686AMND
2014-09-10201409110777AMND
2014-09-24201409250612AMND
2014-10-07201410080534AMND
2014-10-07201410080451AMND
2014-10-08201410090316AMND
2014-10-15201410160404AMND
2014-10-27201410290063AMND
2014-12-09201412100747AMND
2015-01-13201501140880AMND
2015-04-27201504280182AMND