1,4-Dioxane
City of Tempe
1,4-Dioxane is a solvent classified by the EPA as a likely human carcinogen. It contaminates groundwater in many states due to industrial wastewater discharges, plastic manufacturing runoff and landfill runoff. Read More.
Animal studies show that 1,4-dioxane can target the liver, kidneys and respiratory system, and that prenatal exposure can harm the developing fetus. The State of California has set a Public Heatlh Goal of no more than 1 part per billion of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water. The state of Massachusetts sets a legal limit of 0.3 ppb, and New Hampshire's limit is 3 parts per billion. There is no national drinking water standard for this contaminant.
Samples
Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)
Samples exceeding
health guidelines
Testing results - average by year
| Year | Average result | Samples taken | Detections | Range of results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | 0.0985 ppb | 12 | 5 | ND - 0.480 ppb |
| 2014 | 0.116 ppb | 12 | 5 | ND - 0.530 ppb |
| 2015 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2016 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2017 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2018 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2019 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
ppb = parts per billion
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EWG Health Guideline 0.35 ppb
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.35 ppb for 1,4-dioxane was defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.
ppb = parts per billion
All test results
| Date | Lab ID | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 2013-07-16 | 201307160353AM | 0.0920 ppb |
| 2013-07-16 | 201307160357AM | 0.480 ppb |
| 2013-07-16 | 201307160355AM | 0.150 ppb |
| 2013-07-16 | 201307160359AM | 0.150 ppb |
| 2013-07-16 | 201307160361AM | ND |
| 2013-07-16 | 201307160363AM | ND |
| 2013-07-17 | 201307170524AM | ND |
| 2013-07-17 | 201307170526AM | ND |
| 2013-07-17 | 201307170522AM | 0.310 ppb |
| 2013-07-31 | 201307310417AM | ND |
| 2013-10-22 | 201310220315AM | ND |
| 2013-10-22 | 201310220313AM | ND |
| 2014-01-02 | 201401020139AM | ND |
| 2014-01-14 | 201401140337AM | 0.0940 ppb |
| 2014-01-14 | 201401140317AM | ND |
| 2014-01-14 | 201401140309AM | 0.110 ppb |
| 2014-01-14 | 201401140313AM | ND |
| 2014-01-14 | 201401140311AM | 0.410 ppb |
| 2014-01-14 | 201401140307AM | ND |
| 2014-01-14 | 201401140315AM | 0.250 ppb |
| 2014-01-15 | 201401150506AM | ND |
| 2014-01-15 | 201401150504AM | ND |
| 2014-04-23 | 201404230516AM | 0.530 ppb |
| 2014-04-28 | 201404300409AM | ND |