Bromodichloroacetic acid
Status: No national drinking water standard exists
Bromodichloroacetic acid is formed when chlorine or other disinfectants are used to treat drinking water. Bromodichloroacetic acid and other disinfection byproducts increase the risk of cancer and may cause problems during pregnancy.
2017-2019:
FOUND
FOUND ABOVE HEALTH GUIDELINES
3
states detected
349
utilities detected
1.8 million
people served
3
states over health guideline
347
utilities over health guideline
1.8 million
people served over health guideline
Health concerns for bromodichloroacetic acid
Cancer
Change to fetal growth and development
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EWG Health Guideline 0.04 ppb
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.04 ppb for bromodichloroacetic acid was defined in a peer-reviewed scientific study by EWG and represents a on-in-a-million lifetime cancer risk level. This health guideline protects against cancer.
ppb = parts per billion
States reporting bromodichloroacetic acid in drinking water
| UTILITIES REPORTING ABOVE HEALTH GUIDELINES | UTILITIES WITH CONTAMINATION | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | Utilities | People Served | Utilities | People Served | |||
| Missouri | 335 | 1,416,246 | 337 | 1,453,246 | |||
| New York | 9 | 198,585 | 9 | 198,585 | |||
| California | 3 | 186,089 | 3 | 186,089 | |||
MORE
LESS
Filtering technologies that reduce bromodichloroacetic acid
Activated Carbon
Reverse Osmosis
Utilities with the highest amounts of bromodichloroacetic acid, 2017-2019
ALL UTILITIES
LARGE UTILITIES
| Utility | Location | Tests | Average level | People served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jameson | Jameson, MO | 6 of 6 | 11.2 ppb | 121 |
| Adrian PWS* | Adrian, MO | 22 of 22 | 9.82 ppb | 1,635 |
| Waverly PWS* | Waverly, MO | 40 of 46 | 9.74 ppb | 800 |
| Big Lake Village of | Craig, MO | 21 of 22 | 9.64 ppb | 1,100 |
| Rosendale PWS | Rosendale, MO | 26 of 26 | 9.43 ppb | 82 |
| Bolckow PWS* | Bolckow, MO | 2 of 2 | 8.97 ppb | 187 |
| Saline County Public Water Supply District 1 | Marshall, MO | 22 of 23 | 8.73 ppb | 480 |
| Marshall* | Marshall, MO | 90 of 96 | 8.53 ppb | 13,065 |
| Miami PWS | Miami, MO | 23 of 26 | 8.45 ppb | 140 |
| Sweet Springs PWS* | Sweet Springs, MO | 44 of 51 | 8.35 ppb | 1,428 |
| Harrison County Public Water Supply District 1 | Eagleville, MO | 27 of 28 | 8.34 ppb | 823 |
| Saline County Public Water Supply District 3* | Marshall, MO | 39 of 45 | 8.12 ppb | 2,673 |
| Unity Village | Unity Village, MO | 47 of 47 | 8.04 ppb | 1,000 |
| Nelson PWS | Nelson, MO | 22 of 27 | 8.03 ppb | 189 |
| Fillmore PWS | Fillmore, MO | 18 of 18 | 7.75 ppb | 187 |
| Bates County Public Water Supply District 5 | Adrian, MO | 46 of 48 | 7.63 ppb | 2,690 |
| Blackwater PWS | Blackwater, MO | 17 of 23 | 7.51 ppb | 205 |
| Andrew County Public Water Supply District 3* | Fillmore, MO | 38 of 40 | 7.41 ppb | 1,113 |
| Coffey PWS | Coffey, MO | 25 of 27 | 7.29 ppb | 166 |
| Latham Water District* | Newtonville, NY | 1 of 1 | 7.00 ppb | 86,530 |
| Colonie Village | Colonie, NY | 1 of 1 | 7.00 ppb | 8,030 |
| Rockville PWS | Rockville, MO | 21 of 21 | 6.96 ppb | 175 |
| Gentry County Public Water Supply District 1* | Albany, MO | 37 of 37 | 6.91 ppb | 2,000 |
| Archie PWS | Archie, MO | 26 of 26 | 6.87 ppb | 1,180 |
| Boonville PWS* | Boonville, MO | 47 of 48 | 6.71 ppb | 8,319 |
| Malta Bend PWS | Malta Bend, MO | 23 of 26 | 6.65 ppb | 200 |
| Harrison County Public Water Supply District 2* | Bethany, MO | 19 of 20 | 6.62 ppb | 3,740 |
| Harry S Truman Public Water Supply District 2* | Montrose, MO | 47 of 48 | 6.58 ppb | 2,700 |
| Linn County Cons Public Water Supply District 1 | Purdin, MO | 46 of 48 | 6.37 ppb | 1,620 |
| Daviess County Public Water Supply District 3 | Gallatin, MO | 10 of 10 | 6.29 ppb | 337 |
| Louisiana PWS* | Louisiana, MO | 46 of 50 | 6.27 ppb | 3,364 |
| Caldwell County Public Water Supply District 1 | Cowgill, MO | 12 of 13 | 6.02 ppb | 335 |
| Saline County Public Water Supply District 2* | Slater, MO | 36 of 36 | 6.00 ppb | 883 |
| Bates County Public Water Supply District 7 | Rockville, MO | 50 of 52 | 5.90 ppb | 512 |
| Deepwater PWS | Deepwater, MO | 13 of 14 | 5.84 ppb | 433 |
| Hopkins PWS | Hopkins, MO | 15 of 18 | 5.79 ppb | 532 |
| Cainsville PWS | Cainsville, MO | 5 of 6 | 5.79 ppb | 290 |
| Salisbury PWS | Salisbury, MO | 35 of 38 | 5.79 ppb | 1,620 |
| Garden City PWS | Garden City, MO | 26 of 26 | 5.69 ppb | 1,642 |
| Twin Lakes Mobile Home Park | Excelsior Springs, MO | 1 of 1 | 5.65 ppb | 39 |
| Lagrange PWS | La Grange, MO | 42 of 44 | 5.65 ppb | 1,102 |
| New Hampton PWS | New Hampton, MO | 20 of 22 | 5.61 ppb | 283 |
| Slater PWS* | Slater, MO | 38 of 40 | 5.61 ppb | 1,856 |
| Montrose PWS | Montrose, MO | 13 of 14 | 5.60 ppb | 386 |
| Smithville PWS* | Smithville, MO | 47 of 48 | 5.60 ppb | 9,233 |
| Gilliam PWS | Gilliam, MO | 15 of 15 | 5.60 ppb | 125 |
| Henry County Public Water Supply District 1 | Clinton, MO | 18 of 19 | 5.57 ppb | 255 |
| Freeman PWS | Freeman, MO | 36 of 36 | 5.53 ppb | 482 |
| Braymer PWS | Braymer, MO | 6 of 8 | 5.38 ppb | 878 |
| Holt County Public Water Supply District 1 | Oregon, MO | 39 of 40 | 5.38 ppb | 1,020 |
* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report Bromodichloroacetic acid, but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.
| Utility | Location | Tests | Average level | People served |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marshall* | Marshall, MO | 90 of 96 | 8.53 ppb | 13,065 |
| Latham Water District* | Newtonville, NY | 1 of 1 | 7.00 ppb | 86,530 |
| Springfield | Springfield, MO | 153 of 160 | 4.72 ppb | 170,554 |
| Neosho | Neosho, MO | 96 of 100 | 4.14 ppb | 12,157 |
| Excelsior Springs* | Excelsior Springs, MO | 93 of 96 | 4.03 ppb | 11,084 |
| Poughkeepsie Townwide Water District* | Poughkeepsie, NY | 12 of 12 | 3.98 ppb | 52,277 |
| Poplar Bluff | Poplar Bluff, MO | 91 of 96 | 3.68 ppb | 17,266 |
| Hannibal | Hannibal, MO | 85 of 96 | 3.67 ppb | 17,916 |
| Gladstone | Kansas City, MO | 92 of 96 | 3.48 ppb | 27,000 |
| Moberly | Moberly, MO | 89 of 100 | 3.41 ppb | 12,101 |
| Columbia* | Columbia, MO | 138 of 144 | 3.33 ppb | 100,733 |
| Thomas Hill PWSD 1* | Moberly, MO | 44 of 48 | 3.11 ppb | 10,315 |
| Poughkeepsie City | Poughkeepsie, NY | 8 of 8 | 3.06 ppb | 29,871 |
| Branson | Branson, MO | 57 of 58 | 2.89 ppb | 11,880 |
| Festus | Festus, MO | 45 of 48 | 2.73 ppb | 11,600 |
| Fort Leonard Wood | Ft Leonard Wood, MO | 90 of 96 | 2.58 ppb | 34,000 |
| Cape Girardeau | Cape Girardeau, MO | 28 of 30 | 2.41 ppb | 39,628 |
| Kennett | Kennett, MO | 9 of 12 | 2.30 ppb | 11,500 |
| Sikeston* | Sikeston, MO | 8 of 12 | 2.03 ppb | 16,393 |
| Macon County PWSD 1* | Macon, MO | 84 of 97 | 2.03 ppb | 11,606 |
| United Wappinger Water Improvement District | Wappingers Falls, NY | 4 of 4 | 1.81 ppb | 14,000 |
| City of Corona* | Corona, CA | 8 of 8 | 1.81 ppb | 155,896 |
| Kirksville* | Kirksville, MO | 83 of 98 | 1.75 ppb | 17,304 |
| Liberty* | Liberty, MO | 24 of 58 | 1.44 ppb | 31,507 |
| Wentzville | Wentzville, MO | 46 of 58 | 1.39 ppb | 38,300 |
| Webb City | Webb City, MO | 28 of 57 | 1.24 ppb | 11,334 |
| West Plains | West Plains, MO | 54 of 70 | 1.19 ppb | 12,248 |
| St. Charles County PWSD 2* | O Fallon, MO | 81 of 119 | 1.16 ppb | 100,587 |
| Missouri American St. Louis County & St. Charles County* | Chesterfield, MO | 11 of 16 | 0.999 ppb | 1,100,000 |
| Sedalia* | Sedalia, MO | 17 of 40 | 0.974 ppb | 22,000 |
| St. Louis City* | St Louis, MO | 25 of 30 | 0.900 ppb | 315,685 |
| Fulton | Fulton, MO | 5 of 12 | 0.615 ppb | 12,128 |
| Kirkwood | Kirkwood, MO | 20 of 58 | 0.497 ppb | 28,000 |
| Maryville* | Maryville, MO | 32 of 96 | 0.489 ppb | 11,972 |
| Jefferson County PWSD 10 | Arnonld, MO | 17 of 48 | 0.454 ppb | 10,000 |
| Jefferson County Cons. PWSD C 1* | Barnhart, MO | 29 of 82 | 0.410 ppb | 35,000 |
| Jefferson County PWSD1* | Arnold, MO | 29 of 82 | 0.404 ppb | 20,000 |
| Jefferson County PWSD 3* | Arnold, MO | 22 of 58 | 0.395 ppb | 17,000 |
| O'Fallon | O Fallon, MO | 3 of 12 | 0.388 ppb | 32,515 |
| St. Charles | St Charles, MO | 25 of 96 | 0.331 ppb | 73,040 |
| Boone County Cons. PWSD1* | Columbia, MO | 3 of 12 | 0.328 ppb | 21,500 |
| Grain Valley | Grain Valley, MO | 10 of 32 | 0.260 ppb | 13,684 |
| St. Peters | St Peters, MO | 25 of 116 | 0.233 ppb | 56,971 |
| Jefferson County PWSD 2* | High Ridge, MO | 14 of 60 | 0.201 ppb | 20,000 |
| Jackson County PWSD1 | Grandview, MO | 1 of 6 | 0.157 ppb | 25,000 |
| Blue Springs | Blue Springs, MO | 5 of 30 | 0.116 ppb | 52,530 |
| Johnson County PWSD 2* | Holden, MO | 1 of 8 | 0.105 ppb | 11,250 |
| Boone County PWSD 9 | Columbia, MO | 1 of 12 | 0.0708 ppb | 12,200 |
| Rolla | Rolla, MO | 1 of 12 | 0.0508 ppb | 19,559 |
| Lees Summit | Lees Summit, MO | 4 of 100 | 0.0345 ppb | 97,135 |
* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report Bromodichloroacetic acid, but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.