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EWG's Tap Water Database — 2021 UPDATE

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2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin)

Lihue-Kapaa

Dioxins are contaminants released from chemical manufacturing, pulp and paper bleaching, and incineration of products that contain chlorine. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) is the most toxic chemical in the group of dioxins. Read More.

Dioxins are among the most toxic known environmental pollutants. As a class, dioxins are extremely toxic, persistent and bioaccumulative; these contaminants build up and are stored in fatty tissues and fluids, such as breast milk, and pass from the mother to the child. Most people are exposed to dioxins through the food they eat, primarily from meat, dairy, fish and eggs. In humans, dioxins are associated with cancer, birth defects, damage to the nervous and immune systems, altered metabolism, thyroid disruption, altered menstrual cycling and damage to the cardiovascular system.

 

36

Samples

0

Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)

0

Samples exceeding
health guidelines

Testing results - average by year

 
YearAverage resultSamples takenDetectionsRange of results
2014ND10ND
2015N/A00N/A
2016N/A00N/A
2017N/A00N/A
2018ND350ND
2019N/A00N/A

ppt = parts per trillion

State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines

EWG Health Guideline 0.0002 ppt

The EWG Health Guideline of 0.0002 ppt for 2,3,7,8-TCDD was defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.

EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL) 0.03 ppt

ppt = parts per trillion

All test results

Date Lab ID Result
2014-03-25201403280346ND
2018-05-29201805310728ND
2018-05-29201805310727ND
2018-06-06201806090374ND
2018-06-06201806090380ND
2018-06-06201806090381ND
2018-06-06201806090373ND
2018-06-12201806140887ND
2018-06-12201806141145ND
2018-06-12201806141144ND
2018-06-12201806140889ND
2018-06-13201806150527ND
2018-06-13201806150518ND
2018-06-13201806150684ND
2018-06-13201806150685ND
2018-06-13201806150729ND
2018-06-13201806150730ND
2018-07-12201807000000ND
2018-07-12201807130880ND
2018-11-26201811280312ND
2018-11-26201811280331ND
2018-11-26201811280311ND
2018-11-26201811280330ND
2018-11-27201811290380ND
2018-11-27201811290211ND
2018-11-27201811290212ND
2018-11-27201811290381ND
2018-11-28201811300187ND
2018-11-28201811300186ND
2018-12-03201812050453ND
2018-12-03201812050458ND
2018-12-03201812050355ND
2018-12-03201812050336ND
2018-12-03201812050356ND
2018-12-03201812050335ND
2018-12-04201812060388ND