Chromium (total)

Status: National drinking water standard exists

Chromium is a naturally occurring metal, but industrial uses can elevate its levels in water. One form, hexavalent chromium, causes cancer. Total chromium is not a good indicator of the amount of hexavalent chromium in drinking water.

2017-2019:

FOUND

FOUND ABOVE LEGAL LIMIT

states detected

8,191

utilities detected

71 million

people served

states over legal limit

utilities over legal limit

people served over legal limit

State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines

EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL) 100 ppb

The legal limit for total chromium, established in 1991, was based on a 1958 toxicity study in laboratory animals, and applies to both the less-toxic trivalent chromium and the more-toxic hexavalent chromium forms of this compound. This limit does not protect against the risk of cancer from ingestion of hexavalent chromium.

ppb = parts per billion

States reporting chromium (total) in drinking water

	UTILITIES WITH CONTAMINATION
State	Utilities	People Served
Texas		1,026	10,029,564
Florida		521	8,014,284
California		428	5,536,170
New York		412	5,109,416
Arizona		243	4,956,687
Pennsylvania		387	4,370,129
Colorado		302	3,850,718
New Jersey		185	3,081,044
Missouri		479	2,628,365
Kansas		683	2,547,149
Mississippi		672	2,315,711
Nevada		70	1,976,578
Indiana		72	1,675,308
Hawaii		53	1,342,553
Wisconsin		273	1,161,995
New Mexico		92	1,156,452
Oklahoma		66	1,082,197
Illinois		119	1,071,669
Louisiana		120	1,065,012
Nebraska		216	820,851
Idaho		166	665,325
Connecticut		46	582,913
Kentucky		57	538,952
Washington		313	502,384
Utah		12	464,343
Delaware		31	440,117
Maryland		87	436,893
Alabama		31	422,292
Oregon		75	372,618
Alaska		35	271,885
Ohio		46	265,448
Maine		236	264,640
Massachusetts		31	243,289
West Virginia		51	226,278
South Dakota		23	208,619
North Carolina		7	174,190
New Hampshire		229	172,451
Arkansas		50	155,201
Iowa		19	107,372
Rhode Island		15	106,987
Michigan		6	71,110
North Dakota		91	65,531
Virginia		70	52,340
Minnesota		4	29,228
Tennessee		4	20,492
Georgia		3	11,310
Montana		23	5,512
South Carolina		8	1,873
Wyoming		2	135
Vermont		1	105

LESS

Filtering technologies that reduce chromium (total)

Utilities with the highest amounts of chromium (total), 2017-2019

ALL UTILITIES

LARGE UTILITIES

Utility	Location	Tests	Average level	People served
Ghr Landowners Association Water Co-op	Laughlin, AZ	1 of 1	76.0 ppb	280
Water Unlimited, Incorporated*	Newcastle, WY	1 of 1	70.0 ppb	80
Panorama Place Water Association	Yakima, WA	1 of 1	69.0 ppb	220
Paradise Trails Pioneer Valley Ws	Lake Havasu City, AZ	3 of 3	61.7 ppb	61
Water Utility of Greater Tonopah Garden	Phoenix, AZ	2 of 2	59.0 ppb	17
Truxton Canyon Water Company	Kingman, AZ	2 of 2	54.0 ppb	2,139
Desert Lake Community Services District	Boron, CA	1 of 1	52.0 ppb	792
Joshua Valley Water Company	Meadview, AZ	6 of 6	47.2 ppb	1,200
Bed Rock Mobile Home Park	Ulysses, KS	6 of 6	46.0 ppb	320
Bedford Water & Sewer District	Grover, WY	1 of 2	40.0 ppb	725
Norman*	Norman, OK	134 of 139	39.9 ppb	72,928
Adaman Mutual Water Company	Litchfield Park, AZ	2 of 2	39.0 ppb	700
U.S. Air Force Luke Air Force Base	Luke Afb, AZ	3 of 3	39.0 ppb	10,708
Thomasville W/a #2	Florence, MS	2 of 2	39.0 ppb	553
Sooner Utilities-valley Brook	Edmond, OK	1 of 1	38.5 ppb	853
Desert Sky Dwid	Kingman, AZ	2 of 2	38.5 ppb	90
Az State Prison - Geo Group - Kingman	Golden Valley, AZ	2 of 2	38.0 ppb	3,500
Kingman Municipal Water	Kingman, AZ	62 of 64	37.2 ppb	45,000
Dunnigan Water Works	Paso Robles, CA	12 of 13	36.5 ppb	400
Duffee Water Association	Little Rock, MS	2 of 2	36.4 ppb	1,710
Lander, City Of*	Lander, WY	2 of 5	36.0 ppb	7,500
Redd Fox Park Hoa	Riverton, WY	2 of 5	36.0 ppb	50
Santa Ynez Rancho Estates Mutual Water Company	Santa Ynez, CA	5 of 5	35.8 ppb	294
Yucca Water Association	Yucca, AZ	1 of 1	35.0 ppb	250
Spirit Mountain Utility	Cal-nev-ari, NV	1 of 1	34.0 ppb	375
Morristown Water Company	Morristown, AZ	1 of 1	34.0 ppb	120
Jeffrey City Water & Sewer District	Jeffrey City, WY	1 of 3	33.3 ppb	59
Wenden Domestic Water Improvement District	Wenden, AZ	1 of 1	33.0 ppb	600
Yellowtail Dam Mk Upper System	Yellowtail, MT	1 of 3	31.3 ppb	40
Aptos Ridge Mutual Water Company	Watsonville, CA	3 of 3	31.0 ppb	50
City of Los Banos	Los Banos, CA	58 of 58	30.4 ppb	37,168
Hide-a-way Mobile Village	Cheyenne, WY	1 of 2	30.0 ppb	76
White Hills Water Company Unit 1	Gilbert, AZ	2 of 2	30.0 ppb	90
Paradise Rd. Ws #21	Salinas, CA	2 of 2	28.5 ppb	48
Hills Ranch Mutual Water Company	Albion, CA	1 of 4	27.5 ppb	60
Jubilee Water Company Inc.	Brimfield, IL	2 of 2	27.0 ppb	78
Wugt B D Buckeye Ranch Domestic Water Improvement District	Phoenix, AZ	2 of 2	26.5 ppb	81
City of Surprise - Mountain Vista*	Surprise, AZ	112 of 112	26.0 ppb	31,649
City of Buckeye Sonora - Sundance	Buckeye, AZ	12 of 12	25.9 ppb	15,783
Esquire Estates Mobile Home Park	Peoria, IL	2 of 2	25.5 ppb	28
Volta Community SD	Los Banos, CA	2 of 2	25.5 ppb	150
Piedmont Municpal Authority	Piedmont, OK	4 of 4	25.1 ppb	7,542
Payne County Rural Water District #3	Stillwater, OK	1 of 1	25.0 ppb	1,400
Lexington & Joseph Harp Correctional Institution	Lexington, OK	11 of 13	24.0 ppb	3,000
Caballeros Water Company	Wickenburg, AZ	1 of 1	24.0 ppb	100
Springfield Water Company	Watsonville, CA	1 of 1	24.0 ppb	200
Searchlight Water Company	Las Vegas, NV	9 of 11	23.8 ppb	760
Thomasville W/a #1	Florence, MS	1 of 1	23.5 ppb	882
Rolling Acres Mutual Water Company	Davis, CA	2 of 2	23.5 ppb	40
Epcor Water - Paradise Valley/Scottsdale	Youngtown, AZ	5 of 6	23.0 ppb	12,000

* This water utility supplies finished drinking water to at least one other water utility. The purchasing utility is not required to test for or report Chromium (total), but it likely has the contaminant in its water supply.

Utility	Location	Tests	Average level	People served
Norman*	Norman, OK	134 of 139	39.9 ppb	72,928
U.S. Air Force Luke Air Force Base	Luke Afb, AZ	3 of 3	39.0 ppb	10,708
Kingman Municipal Water	Kingman, AZ	62 of 64	37.2 ppb	45,000
City of Los Banos	Los Banos, CA	58 of 58	30.4 ppb	37,168
City of Surprise - Mountain Vista*	Surprise, AZ	112 of 112	26.0 ppb	31,649
City of Buckeye Sonora - Sundance	Buckeye, AZ	12 of 12	25.9 ppb	15,783
Epcor Water - Paradise Valley/Scottsdale	Youngtown, AZ	5 of 6	23.0 ppb	12,000
City of Kerman	Kerman, CA	28 of 28	21.7 ppb	14,068
Moore	Moore, OK	52 of 73	20.1 ppb	55,083
City of Davis*	Davis, CA	155 of 198	19.9 ppb	67,298
City of Patterson	Patterson, CA	40 of 40	19.8 ppb	20,560
City of Phoenix*	Phoenix, AZ	59 of 65	18.7 ppb	1,579,000
SBNDO County Service Area 70J	Victorville, CA	116 of 121	18.4 ppb	10,111
City of Woodland	Woodland, CA	59 of 59	18.0 ppb	56,464
Coachella Water Authority	Coachella, CA	60 of 60	17.2 ppb	41,904
Arizona Water Company - White Tanks	Phoenix, AZ	4 of 4	15.3 ppb	10,186
Mustang	Mustang, OK	10 of 11	14.7 ppb	15,435
PRVWSD-Pelahatchie Bay	Ridgeland, MS	5 of 5	14.4 ppb	10,878
Epcor Water - Agua Fria*	Youngtown, AZ	66 of 97	14.2 ppb	80,959
Goodyear Water Department*	Goodyear, AZ	29 of 29	13.6 ppb	50,001
Arizona Water Company - Apache Junction	Phoenix, AZ	12 of 12	13.4 ppb	57,647
Rosamond CSD	Rosamond, CA	17 of 17	11.9 ppb	16,618
UC - Davis	Davis, CA	20 of 28	10.6 ppb	40,185
USMC - 29 Palms	29 Palms, CA	38 of 47	10.3 ppb	28,760
Epcor Water - Sun City	Youngtown, AZ	50 of 52	10.00 ppb	38,016
Pima Utilities	Sun Lakes, AZ	18 of 18	9.46 ppb	20,000
City of Hollister	Hollister, CA	30 of 35	9.36 ppb	36,108
City of Newman Water Department	Newman, CA	11 of 16	9.10 ppb	10,586
Rio Linda/Alverta Community Water District	Rio Linda, CA	36 of 44	8.94 ppb	13,386
City of El Mirage	El Mirage, AZ	48 of 52	8.85 ppb	39,884
Cape Girardeau	Cape Girardeau, MO	7 of 12	8.55 ppb	39,628
City of Glendale	Phoenix, AZ	92 of 106	8.45 ppb	234,766
Los Angeles County WW District 40 Reg 38 Lake Los Angeles	Alhambra, CA	16 of 16	8.35 ppb	13,600
City of Edmond - Arcadia Lake*	Arcadia, OK	134 of 138	8.11 ppb	79,408
Santa Margarita Water District	Santa Margarita, CA	1 of 12	7.83 ppb	154,231
Indio Water Authority	Indio, CA	30 of 48	7.80 ppb	77,780
Mission Springs WD	Desert Hot Springs, CA	31 of 42	7.70 ppb	34,626
Yukon	Yukon, OK	4 of 5	7.70 ppb	22,498
Liberty Water Lpsco*	Avondale, AZ	30 of 36	7.69 ppb	50,045
City of Watsonville	Watsonville, CA	46 of 62	7.60 ppb	65,739
City of Kingsville*	Kingsville, TX	32 of 41	7.40 ppb	29,947
City of Chandler	Chandler, AZ	147 of 160	7.39 ppb	247,328
Arizona Water Company - Pinal Valley*	Phoenix, AZ	51 of 57	7.30 ppb	88,019
City of Chubbuck	Chubbuck, ID	17 of 18	6.79 ppb	14,125
Town of Gilbert	Gilbert, AZ	102 of 114	6.78 ppb	247,600
City of Vacaville	Elmira, CA	54 of 95	6.73 ppb	96,735
Oklahoma University	Norman, OK	8 of 8	6.55 ppb	34,000
City of Prescott*	Prescott, AZ	32 of 32	6.51 ppb	43,217
Cottonwood Municipal Water Cw1	Cottonwood, AZ	20 of 23	6.46 ppb	10,895
Los Angeles County WW District 4 & 34-Lancaster	Alhambra, CA	60 of 87	6.40 ppb	180,131