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HOW WE DETERMINE SCORES Learn more About EWG VERIFIED™

Data: Limited

Sodium Levulinate

IMAGE SOURCE: PubChem

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Other Concerns

SYNONYMS

● 4-OXO- SODIUM SALT PENTANOIC ACID
● PENTANOIC ACID, 4-OXO-, SODIUM SALT
● PENTANOIC ACID, 4OXO, SODIUM SALT
● SODIUM 4-OXOVALERATE
● SODIUM LEVULINATE
● SODIUM SALT PENTANOIC ACID, 4-OXO-

Restricted

Restricted: EWG VERIFIED products cannot contain this ingredient without adequate substantiation

Sodium Levulinate is a sodium salt of Levulinic Acid (q.v.).

Common concerns

See how this product scores for common concerns.

  • LOW
    Cancer
  • LOW
    Allergies & Immunotoxicity
  • LOW
    Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity
  • LOW
    Use Restrictions

Ingredient concerns

  • CONCERNS
  • DATA SOURCES

Products with this Ingredient

Expand content Collapse content
facial moisturizer/treatment81 products
moisturizer64 products
mask48 products
facial cleanser44 products
hand cream35 products
serums & essences35 products
shampoo29 products
conditioner23 products
exfoliant/scrub16 products
around-eye cream14 products
toners/astringents14 products
makeup remover13 products
12 products
blush11 products
body wash/cleanser10 products
baby bubble bath9 products
baby lotion9 products
baby soap9 products
baby shampoo9 products
body spray9 products
mascara8 products
anti-aging8 products
bronzer/highlighter6 products
baby wipes5 products
facial powder5 products
hair treatment/serum5 products
bubble bath4 products
body firming lotion3 products
makeup primer3 products
diaper cream3 products
daily use with SPF3 products
liquid hand soap2 products
sunless tanning2 products
after sun product2 products
antiperspirant/deodorant2 products
skin fading/lightener2 products
shaving cream1 products
foot moisturizer1 products
recreational sunscreen1 products

Informational

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CONCERN REFERENCE
Industry or government recommendations for safe use: restrictions on concentration, impurities, product types, or manufacturing methods - anyOpen scientific literature

Ecotoxicology

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CONCERN REFERENCE
Not suspected to be an environmental toxinEnvironment Canada Domestic Substance List

Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)

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CONCERN REFERENCE
Classified as not expected to be potentially toxic or harmfulEnvironment Canada Domestic Substance List

Persistence and bioaccumulation

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CONCERN REFERENCE
Not suspected to be persistentEnvironment Canada Domestic Substance List
Not suspected to be bioaccumulativeEnvironment Canada Domestic Substance List

Data gaps

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CONCERN REFERENCE
214 studies in PubMed science library may include information on the toxicity of this chemicalNLM PubMed
  • Open scientific/peer reviewed literature
  • EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry.
  • NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2012. PubMed online scientific bibliography data. http://www.pubmed.gov.

Understanding scores

Cosmetics and personal care products are not required to be tested for safety before being allowed on the market. The Skin Deep® scoring system was designed to help the public understand whether a product is safe to use or whether it contains ingredients of concern.

Every product and ingredient in Skin Deep gets a two-part score – one for hazard and one for data availability. The safest products score well by both measures, with a low hazard rating and a fair or better data availability rating.

HOW WE DETERMINE SCORES

Hazard score

The Skin Deep ingredient hazard score, from 1 to 10, reflects known and suspected hazards linked to the ingredients. The EWG VERIFIED™ mark means a product meets EWG’s strictest criteria for transparency and health.

Score legend
WEIGHT-OF-EVIDENCE APPROACH

A product’s hazard score is not an average of the ingredients’ hazard scores. It is calculated using a weight-of-evidence approach that factors in all of the hazards or health impacts associated with the ingredients.

Data availability

The Skin Deep data availability rating reflects the number of scientific studies about the product or ingredient in the published scientific literature.

NONE LIMITED FAIR GOOD ROBUST
Low Availability
Moderate Availability
High Availability
NONE

Ingredients have not been assessed.

LIMITED-FAIR

There is only a modest volume of research.

GOOD-ROBUST

Ingredients have been studied extensively.

Can’t find your product?

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