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CITRUS AURANTIUM AMARA (BITTER ORANGE) PEEL OIL
Score:
Data: Limited
- Other Concerns
- Functions
- About the Chemical
- Synonyms
-
Use restrictions (moderate), Persistence and bioaccumulation (moderate), Ecotoxicology (low), and Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) (high)
Cancer 
Cancer: Ingredients linked to cancer in government, industry or academic studies or assessments.
Developmental & Reproductive Toxicity
Developmental and reproductive toxicity: Ingredients linked to developmental and reproductive toxicity, a broad class of health effects that range from infertility and reproductive organ cancers to birth defects and developmental delays in children.
Allergies & Immunotoxicity
Allergies and immunotoxicity: Ingredients linked to harm to the immune system, a class of health problems that manifest as allergic reactions or an impaired capacity to fight disease and repair damaged tissue in the body.
Products with this Ingredient
| facial moisturizer/treatment | 20 products |
| moisturizer | 17 products |
| moisturizer with SPF | 15 products |
| serums & essences | 13 products |
| fragrance for women | 8 products |
| exfoliant/scrub | 8 products |
| shampoo | 8 products |
| facial cleanser | 7 products |
| body wash/cleanser | 7 products |
| CC cream | 7 products |
| bath oil/salts/soak | 6 products |
| toners/astringents | 5 products |
| body oil | 5 products |
| mask | 5 products |
| conditioner | 4 products |
| body spray | 4 products |
| anti-aging | 3 products |
| bar soap | 3 products |
| toothpaste | 3 products |
| liquid hand soap | 2 products |
| antiperspirant/deodorant | 2 products |
| around-eye cream | 2 products |
| hand cream | 2 products |
| tooth whitening | 2 products |
| hair treatment/serum | 2 products |
| after shave | 1 products |
| foot odor control | 1 products |
| body powder | 1 products |
| shaving cream | 1 products |
| baby soap | 1 products |
| beach & sport sunscreen | 1 products |
| makeup primer | 1 products |
| fragrance for men | 1 products |
| foot cleansing | 1 products |
| detangler | 1 products |
| baby shampoo | 1 products |
| hair styling aide | 1 products |
| beard oil | 1 products |
Allergies/immunotoxicity
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Known human any toxicant or allergen | Opinion on Frangrance allergens in cosmetics (2011), EU Cosmetics Directive |
| Fragrance chemical, which is less frequently reported and thus less documented as a consumer allergen. | European Union 2015. Banned and Restricted Fragrances. Appears as: listid: EUFRAG-046; Chemical_Name: Limonene; Synonyms: d-Limonene; |
| Human [[system]] toxicant or allergen - strong evidence | Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2018. Safer Chemical Ingredients List (2018-02-28). Appears as: CAS: 5989-27-5; List Name: d-Limonene; TSCA Chemical Name: CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-, (4R)- |
| May cause sensitization by skin contact | EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes 2015. Classification & Labelling (Skin Deep®). Appears as: listid: 601-029-00-7-61; Chemical_Name: DIPENTENE; Synonyms: limonene; [1] ; (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; d-limonene; [2] ; (S)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; l-limonene; [3] ; trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene; [4] ; (±)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene [5]; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
| May cause sensitization by skin contact, with allergic reaction in skin or lungs | US. National Library of Medicine,. 2015. Haz-Map®. Appears as: listid: HMAP-0695-1; Chemical_Name: d-Limonene; ; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
| Limited evidence of [[system]] toxicity or allergies | European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website. Appears as: chemical_names: Orange, sour, ext.; (4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene; (4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene; -; Bitter Orange essential oil; Bitter Orange Oil; citrus aurantium amara extract; Citrus aurantium amara peel oil; Citrus aurantium es; cas_numbers: 8014-17-3, 8016-38-4, 68916-04-1, 72968-50-4 |
Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Irritant (eyes, skin, or lungs) | EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes 2015. Classification & Labelling (Skin Deep®). Appears as: listid: 601-029-00-7-61; Chemical_Name: DIPENTENE; Synonyms: limonene; [1] ; (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; d-limonene; [2] ; (S)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; l-limonene; [3] ; trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene; [4] ; (±)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene [5]; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
| Industry restrictions due to photoirritation. | International Fragrance Association (IFRA) 2015. IFRA Codes & Standards. Appears as: listid: IFRA-029; Chemical_Name: Bitter Orange Peel Oil Expressed; Synonyms: Orange Peel Oil, Bitter (Citrus aurantium L. subsp amara L.)Bitter orange oil (Citrus aurantium L. subsp. amara L.)Citrus aurantium peel oil Curacao peel oil (Citrus aurantium L.) Daidai peel oil (Citrus aurantium L.); CAS: 68916-04-1; Classification: Restricted |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Persistent, bioaccumulative toxicant - Oslo-Paris (OSPAR) Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic, chemical of concern | OSPAR Comission 2015. OSPAR PBTs - Substances of Possible Concern. Appears as: listid: PBT-OSPAR-249; Chemical_Name: (4R)-CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-; Synonyms: CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-, (4R)-; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
| This chemical was NOT flagged by CEPA for further attention. Flagged for suspected aquatic toxicity. | Environment Canada 2015. Domestic Substance List. Appears as: listid: ECDSL-05949; Chemical_Name: Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)-; ; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
| This chemical was NOT flagged by CEPA for further attention. Flagged for suspected aquatic toxicity. | Environment Canada 2015. Domestic Substance List. Appears as: listid: ECDSL-05949; Chemical_Name: Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)-; ; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
Use restrictions
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Recommended restricted in cosmetics - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Fragrance subject to restrictions: safe only within recommended use or concentration limitsn) | IFRA_Standard_90html |
| Restricted in cosmetics - labeling requirement for allergens | EU Cosmetics Directive 2015. CosIng. Appears as: listid: COSING-27937; Chemical_Name: d-Limonene (CAS No 5989-27-5); ; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
Developmental/reproductive toxicity
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Developmental toxicity (significant increase in the number of fetuses with skeletal abnormalities, including lumbar ribs, fused ribs, and delayed ossification of several bones in the paws) were observed in the animals administered 2363 mg/kg/day. | 1977 Studies on d-limonene as a gallstone solubilizer (VII) Effects on development of mouse fetuses and offsprings. Oyo Yakuri 13(6), 863-873. |
Ecotoxicology
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Dangerous for the environment | EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes 2015. Classification & Labelling (Skin Deep�). Appears as: listid: 601-029-00-7-61; Chemical_Name: DIPENTENE; Synonyms: limonene; [1] ; (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; d-limonene; [2] ; (S)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; l-limonene; [3] ; trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene; [4] ; (¬±)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene [5]; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
| This chemical was NOT flagged by CEPA for further attention. Flagged for suspected aquatic toxicity. | Environment Canada 2015. Domestic Substance List. Appears as: listid: ECDSL-05949; Chemical_Name: Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)-; ; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
| Not suspected to be an environmental toxin | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Data gaps
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Insufficient data to determine safety | Final report 12/2016 available from CIR |
| 4 studies in PubMed science library may include information on the toxicity of this chemical | NLM PubMed |
Miscellaneous
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Flammable | EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes 2015. Classification & Labelling (Skin Deep®). Appears as: listid: 601-029-00-7-61; Chemical_Name: DIPENTENE; Synonyms: limonene; [1] ; (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; d-limonene; [2] ; (S)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; l-limonene; [3] ; trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene; [4] ; (±)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene [5]; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
Cancer
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| IARC Group 3 (no cancer link) | IARC 2015. IRAC Carcinogens (Skin Deep�). Appears as: listid: IARC-653; Chemical_Name: d-Limonene; ; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
Multiple, additive exposure sources
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food | FDA Everything Added to Food |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Classified as not expected to be potentially toxic or harmful | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Data Sources
- Opinion on Frangrance allergens in cosmetics (2011), EU Cosmetics Directive
- European Union 2015. Banned and Restricted Fragrances. Appears as: listid: EUFRAG-046; Chemical_Name: Limonene; Synonyms: d-Limonene;
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2018. Safer Chemical Ingredients List (2018-02-28). Appears as: CAS: 5989-27-5; List Name: d-Limonene; TSCA Chemical Name: CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-, (4R)-
- EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes 2015. Classification & Labelling (Skin Deep®). Appears as: listid: 601-029-00-7-61; Chemical_Name: DIPENTENE; Synonyms: limonene; [1] ; (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; d-limonene; [2] ; (S)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; l-limonene; [3] ; trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene; [4] ; (±)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene [5]; CAS: 5989-27-5
- US. National Library of Medicine,. 2015. Haz-Map®. Appears as: listid: HMAP-0695-1; Chemical_Name: d-Limonene; ; CAS: 5989-27-5
- European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website. Appears as: chemical_names: Orange, sour, ext.; (4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene; (4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene; -; Bitter Orange essential oil; Bitter Orange Oil; citrus aurantium amara extract; Citrus aurantium amara peel oil; Citrus aurantium es; cas_numbers: 8014-17-3, 8016-38-4, 68916-04-1, 72968-50-4
- International Fragrance Association (IFRA) 2015. IFRA Codes & Standards. Appears as: listid: IFRA-029; Chemical_Name: Bitter Orange Peel Oil Expressed; Synonyms: Orange Peel Oil, Bitter (Citrus aurantium L. subsp amara L.)Bitter orange oil (Citrus aurantium L. subsp. amara L.)Citrus aurantium peel oil Curacao peel oil (Citrus aurantium L.) Daidai peel oil (Citrus aurantium L.); CAS: 68916-04-1; Classification: Restricted
- OSPAR Comission 2015. OSPAR PBTs - Substances of Possible Concern. Appears as: listid: PBT-OSPAR-249; Chemical_Name: (4R)-CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-; Synonyms: CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-, (4R)-; CAS: 5989-27-5
- Environment Canada 2015. Domestic Substance List. Appears as: listid: ECDSL-05949; Chemical_Name: Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)-; ; CAS: 5989-27-5
- IFRA_Standard_90html
- EU Cosmetics Directive 2015. CosIng. Appears as: listid: COSING-27937; Chemical_Name: d-Limonene (CAS No 5989-27-5); ; CAS: 5989-27-5
- 1977 Studies on d-limonene as a gallstone solubilizer (VII) Effects on development of mouse fetuses and offsprings. Oyo Yakuri 13(6), 863-873.
- EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes 2015. Classification & Labelling (Skin Deep�). Appears as: listid: 601-029-00-7-61; Chemical_Name: DIPENTENE; Synonyms: limonene; [1] ; (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; d-limonene; [2] ; (S)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; l-limonene; [3] ; trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene; [4] ; (¬±)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene [5]; CAS: 5989-27-5
- EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry.
- Final report 12/2016 available from CIR
- NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2012. PubMed online scientific bibliography data. http://www.pubmed.gov.
- IARC 2015. IRAC Carcinogens (Skin Deep�). Appears as: listid: IARC-653; Chemical_Name: d-Limonene; ; CAS: 5989-27-5
- FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). 2008. EAFUS [Everything Added to Food]: A Food Additive Database. FDA Office of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition.
- Products with the EWG VERIFIED mark have met use restrictions and warnings based on EWG review of company data.
ABOUT THE SKIN DEEP® RATINGS
EWG provides information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature, to supplement incomplete data available from companies and the government. The ratings below indicate the relative level of concern posed by exposure to the ingredients in this product - not the product itself - compared to other product formulations. The ratings reflect potential health hazards but do not account for the level of exposure or individual susceptibility, factors which determine actual health risks, if any. Learn more | Legal Disclaimer
ABOUT EWG VERIFIED™
Beyond providing Skin Deep® as an educational tool for consumers, EWG offers its EWG VERIFIED™ mark as a quick and easily identifiable way of conveying personal care products that meet EWG's strict health criteria. Before a company can use EWG VERIFIED™ on such products, the company must show that it fully discloses the products' ingredients on their labels or packaging, they do not contain EWG ingredients of concern, and are made with good manufacturing practices, among other criteria. Note that EWG receives licensing fees from all EWG VERIFIED™ member companies that help to support the important work we do. Learn more | Legal Disclaimer
