Other Concerns
SYNONYMS
3-ACETYLPROPIONIC ACID, 4-KETOVALERIC ACID, 4-OXO PENTANOIC ACID, 4-OXOPENTANOIC ACID, 4-OXOVALERIC ACID, LEVULINIC ACID, PENTANOIC ACID, 4-OXO, and PENTANOIC ACID, 4OXOLevulinic Acid is an organic acid.
Common concerns
See how this product scores for common concerns.
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LOWCancer
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LOWAllergies & Immunotoxicity
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LOWDevelopmental and Reingredientive Toxicity
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LOWUse Restrictions
Ingredient concerns
- CONCERNS
- DATA SOURCES
Products with this Ingredient
moisturizer | 42 products |
shampoo | 24 products |
body wash/cleanser | 18 products |
baby lotion | 17 products |
facial moisturizer/treatment | 15 products |
hand cream | 14 products |
11 products | |
facial cleanser | 11 products |
exfoliant/scrub | 11 products |
conditioner | 10 products |
body spray | 9 products |
baby wipes | 8 products |
antiperspirant/deodorant | 8 products |
serums & essences | 6 products |
bubble bath | 5 products |
recreational sunscreen | 5 products |
baby sunscreen | 5 products |
liquid hand soap | 4 products |
toners/astringents | 4 products |
makeup remover | 3 products |
mascara | 3 products |
styling gel/lotion | 2 products |
anti-aging | 2 products |
hair treatment/serum | 2 products |
baby shampoo | 2 products |
baby soap | 2 products |
hand sanitizer | 2 products |
around-eye cream | 2 products |
after sun product | 2 products |
diaper cream | 2 products |
baby toothpaste | 1 products |
sunless tanning | 1 products |
antiperspirant/deodorant (men's) | 1 products |
mask | 1 products |
bronzer/highlighter | 1 products |
hair spray | 1 products |
baby bubble bath | 1 products |
facial powder | 1 products |
Multiple, additive exposure sources
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
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Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food | FDA Everything Added to Food |
Data gaps
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
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589 studies in PubMed science library may include information on the toxicity of this chemical | NLM PubMed |
Ecotoxicology
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
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Not suspected to be an environmental toxin | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
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Classified as not expected to be potentially toxic or harmful | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
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Not suspected to be persistent | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Not suspected to be bioaccumulative | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Cancer
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
---|---|
Not likely to be carcinogenic in humans | EPA Water Disinfection By-Products Carcinogenicity |
- FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). 2008. EAFUS [Everything Added to Food]: A Food Additive Database. FDA Office of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition.
- NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2012. PubMed online scientific bibliography data. http://www.pubmed.gov.
- EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry.
- EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2006. EPA Water Disinfection By-Products with Carcinogenicity Estimates. Last updated: 10 April 2006.
Understanding scores
Cosmetics and personal care products are not required to be tested for safety before being allowed on the market. The Skin Deep® scoring system was designed to help the public understand whether a product is safe to use or whether it contains ingredients of concern.
Every product and ingredient in Skin Deep gets a two-part score – one for hazard and one for data availability. The safest products score well by both measures, with a low hazard rating and a fair or better data availability rating.
HOW WE DETERMINE SCORESHazard score
The Skin Deep ingredient hazard score, from 1 to 10, reflects known and suspected hazards linked to the ingredients. The EWG VERIFIED™ mark means a product meets EWG’s strictest criteria for transparency and health.
Data availability
The Skin Deep data availability rating reflects the number of scientific studies about the product or ingredient in the published scientific literature.