Menu
CITRUS AURANTIUM DULCIS (ORANGE) OIL
Score:
Data: Limited
- Other Concerns
- Functions
- About the Chemical
- Synonyms
-
Persistence and bioaccumulation (moderate), Non-reproductive organ system toxicity (moderate), Ecotoxicology (low), and Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) (high)
Cancer 
Cancer: Ingredients linked to cancer in government, industry or academic studies or assessments.
Developmental & Reproductive Toxicity
Developmental and reproductive toxicity: Ingredients linked to developmental and reproductive toxicity, a broad class of health effects that range from infertility and reproductive organ cancers to birth defects and developmental delays in children.
Allergies & Immunotoxicity
Allergies and immunotoxicity: Ingredients linked to harm to the immune system, a class of health problems that manifest as allergic reactions or an impaired capacity to fight disease and repair damaged tissue in the body.
Products with this Ingredient
| moisturizer | 51 products |
| facial moisturizer/treatment | 31 products |
| body wash/cleanser | 29 products |
| shampoo | 28 products |
| exfoliant/scrub | 27 products |
| facial cleanser | 26 products |
| bar soap | 26 products |
| lip balm | 25 products |
| bath oil/salts/soak | 23 products |
| serums & essences | 17 products |
| conditioner | 16 products |
| body oil | 14 products |
| hair treatment/serum | 14 products |
| mask | 13 products |
| antiperspirant/deodorant | 13 products |
| liquid hand soap | 10 products |
| foundation | 10 products |
| toners/astringents | 9 products |
| toothpaste | 9 products |
| fragrance for women | 8 products |
| beach & sport sunscreen | 8 products |
| body spray | 8 products |
| moisturizer with SPF | 8 products |
| hand sanitizer | 7 products |
| shaving cream | 6 products |
| styling gel/lotion | 5 products |
| 5 products | |
| hand cream | 5 products |
| hair styling aide | 5 products |
| lip gloss | 4 products |
| antiperspirant/deodorant (men's) | 4 products |
| baby lotion | 4 products |
| lipstick | 4 products |
| baby soap | 4 products |
| foot moisturizer | 3 products |
| fragrance for men | 3 products |
| hair spray | 3 products |
| makeup remover | 3 products |
| beard oil | 3 products |
| body firming lotion | 3 products |
| detangler | 3 products |
| bubble bath | 2 products |
| anti-aging | 2 products |
| baby shampoo | 2 products |
| baby oil | 2 products |
| cuticle treatment | 2 products |
| foot cleansing | 2 products |
| makeup primer | 2 products |
| foot odor control | 1 products |
| shaving cream (men's) | 1 products |
| mouthwash | 1 products |
| body powder | 1 products |
| diaper cream | 1 products |
| facial powder | 1 products |
| damaged skin treatment | 1 products |
| eye makeup remover | 1 products |
| baby bubble bath | 1 products |
| baby wipes | 1 products |
| after shave | 1 products |
| vapor rubs | 1 products |
| nail treatment | 1 products |
| baby powder | 1 products |
| hair-loss treatment | 1 products |
| beard care | 1 products |
Allergies/immunotoxicity
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Known human skin toxicant or allergen | Opinion on Frangrance allergens in cosmetics (2011), EU Cosmetics Directive |
| Fragrance chemical, which is less frequently reported and thus less documented as a consumer allergen. | European Union 2015. Banned and Restricted Fragrances. Appears as: listid: EUFRAG-046; Chemical_Name: Limonene; Synonyms: d-Limonene; |
| Human any toxicant or allergen - strong evidence | Safer Chemical Ingredients List (2018-02-28), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
| May cause sensitization by skin contact | EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes 2015. Classification & Labelling (Skin Deep®). Appears as: listid: 601-029-00-7-61; Chemical_Name: DIPENTENE; Synonyms: limonene; [1] ; (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; d-limonene; [2] ; (S)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; l-limonene; [3] ; trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene; [4] ; (±)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene [5]; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
| May cause sensitization by skin contact, with allergic reaction in skin or lungs | US. National Library of Medicine,. 2015. Haz-Map®. Appears as: listid: HMAP-0695-1; Chemical_Name: d-Limonene; ; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
| REACH registrations this substance may cause an allergic skin reaction. | European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website. Appears as: chemical_names: Orange, sweet, ext.; (2E,6E)-2,6-dimethyl-10-methylidenedodeca-2,6,11-trienal; (2E,6E,9E)-2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-2,6,9,11-tetraenal; (4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol; 7-methyl-3-methylideneocta-1,6-diene; ; cas_numbers: 8028-48-6, 68647-72-3 |
Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Irritating to skin | EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes 2015. Classification & Labelling (Skin Deep®). Appears as: listid: 601-029-00-7-61; Chemical_Name: DIPENTENE; Synonyms: limonene; [1] ; (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; d-limonene; [2] ; (S)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; l-limonene; [3] ; trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene; [4] ; (±)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene [5]; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
| Industry restrictions due to photoirritation. | International Fragrance Association (IFRA) 2015. IFRA Codes & Standards. Appears as: listid: IFRA-029-01; Chemical_Name: Bitter Orange Peel Oil Expressed; Synonyms: Orange Peel Oil, Bitter (Citrus aurantium L. subsp amara L.)Bitter orange oil (Citrus aurantium L. subsp. amara L.)Citrus aurantium peel oil Curacao peel oil (Citrus aurantium L.) Daidai peel oil (Citrus aurantium L.); CAS: 72968-50-4; Classification: Restricted |
| REACH registrations this substance causes skin irritation. | European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website. Appears as: chemical_names: Orange, sweet, ext.; (2E,6E)-2,6-dimethyl-10-methylidenedodeca-2,6,11-trienal; (2E,6E,9E)-2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-2,6,9,11-tetraenal; (4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol; 7-methyl-3-methylideneocta-1,6-diene; ; cas_numbers: 8028-48-6, 68647-72-3 |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Persistent, bioaccumulative toxicant - Oslo-Paris (OSPAR) Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic, chemical of concern | OSPAR Comission 2015. OSPAR PBTs - Substances of Possible Concern. Appears as: listid: PBT-OSPAR-249; Chemical_Name: (4R)-CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-; Synonyms: CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-, (4R)-; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
| Not suspected to be persistent | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| Not suspected to be bioaccumulative | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Classified as expected to be toxic or harmful | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| Classified as medium human health priority | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| REACH registrations this substance may be fatal if swallowed and enters airways. | European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website. Appears as: chemical_names: Orange, sweet, ext.; (2E,6E)-2,6-dimethyl-10-methylidenedodeca-2,6,11-trienal; (2E,6E,9E)-2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-2,6,9,11-tetraenal; (4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol; 7-methyl-3-methylideneocta-1,6-diene; ; cas_numbers: 8028-48-6, 68647-72-3 |
| This chemical was NOT flagged by CEPA for further attention. Flagged for suspected aquatic toxicity. | Environment Canada 2015. Domestic Substance List. Appears as: listid: ECDSL-05949; Chemical_Name: Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)-; ; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
Developmental/reproductive toxicity
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Developmental toxicity (significant increase in the number of fetuses with skeletal abnormalities, including lumbar ribs, fused ribs, and delayed ossification of several bones in the paws) were observed in the animals administered 2363 mg/kg/day. | 1977 Studies on d-limonene as a gallstone solubilizer (VII) Effects on development of mouse fetuses and offsprings. Oyo Yakuri 13(6), 863-873. |
Ecotoxicology
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Dangerous for the environment | EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes 2015. Classification & Labelling (Skin Deep®). Appears as: listid: 601-029-00-7-61; Chemical_Name: DIPENTENE; Synonyms: limonene; [1] ; (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; d-limonene; [2] ; (S)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; l-limonene; [3] ; trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene; [4] ; (±)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene [5]; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
| Suspected to be an environmental toxin | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| REACH registrations this substance is toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. | European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website. Appears as: chemical_names: Orange, sweet, ext.; (2E,6E)-2,6-dimethyl-10-methylidenedodeca-2,6,11-trienal; (2E,6E,9E)-2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-2,6,9,11-tetraenal; (4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol; 7-methyl-3-methylideneocta-1,6-diene; ; cas_numbers: 8028-48-6, 68647-72-3 |
Data gaps
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Insufficient data to support safe use in cosmetics | Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) 2017. CIR Assessments. Appears as: ; Chemical_Name: Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Oil; ; ; Classification: QQQ03; |
| 171 studies in PubMed science library may include information on the toxicity of this chemical | NLM PubMed |
Miscellaneous
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Flammable | EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes 2015. Classification & Labelling (Skin Deep®). Appears as: listid: 601-029-00-7-61; Chemical_Name: DIPENTENE; Synonyms: limonene; [1] ; (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; d-limonene; [2] ; (S)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; l-limonene; [3] ; trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene; [4] ; (±)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene [5]; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
Cancer
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| IARC Group 3 (no cancer link) | IARC 2015. IRAC Carcinogens (Skin Deep®). Appears as: listid: IARC-653; Chemical_Name: d-Limonene; ; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
Multiple, additive exposure sources
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food | FDA Everything Added to Food |
Use restrictions
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Restricted in cosmetics - labeling requirement for allergens | EU Cosmetics Directive 2015. CosIng. Appears as: listid: COSING-27937; Chemical_Name: d-Limonene (CAS No 5989-27-5); ; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
Data Sources
- Opinion on Frangrance allergens in cosmetics (2011), EU Cosmetics Directive
- European Union 2015. Banned and Restricted Fragrances. Appears as: listid: EUFRAG-046; Chemical_Name: Limonene; Synonyms: d-Limonene;
- Safer Chemical Ingredients List (2018-02-28), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes 2015. Classification & Labelling (Skin Deep®). Appears as: listid: 601-029-00-7-61; Chemical_Name: DIPENTENE; Synonyms: limonene; [1] ; (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; d-limonene; [2] ; (S)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; l-limonene; [3] ; trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene; [4] ; (±)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene [5]; CAS: 5989-27-5
- US. National Library of Medicine,. 2015. Haz-Map®. Appears as: listid: HMAP-0695-1; Chemical_Name: d-Limonene; ; CAS: 5989-27-5
- European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website. Appears as: chemical_names: Orange, sweet, ext.; (2E,6E)-2,6-dimethyl-10-methylidenedodeca-2,6,11-trienal; (2E,6E,9E)-2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-2,6,9,11-tetraenal; (4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol; 7-methyl-3-methylideneocta-1,6-diene; ; cas_numbers: 8028-48-6, 68647-72-3
- International Fragrance Association (IFRA) 2015. IFRA Codes & Standards. Appears as: listid: IFRA-029-01; Chemical_Name: Bitter Orange Peel Oil Expressed; Synonyms: Orange Peel Oil, Bitter (Citrus aurantium L. subsp amara L.)Bitter orange oil (Citrus aurantium L. subsp. amara L.)Citrus aurantium peel oil Curacao peel oil (Citrus aurantium L.) Daidai peel oil (Citrus aurantium L.); CAS: 72968-50-4; Classification: Restricted
- OSPAR Comission 2015. OSPAR PBTs - Substances of Possible Concern. Appears as: listid: PBT-OSPAR-249; Chemical_Name: (4R)-CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-; Synonyms: CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-, (4R)-; CAS: 5989-27-5
- EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry.
- Environment Canada 2015. Domestic Substance List. Appears as: listid: ECDSL-05949; Chemical_Name: Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)-; ; CAS: 5989-27-5
- 1977 Studies on d-limonene as a gallstone solubilizer (VII) Effects on development of mouse fetuses and offsprings. Oyo Yakuri 13(6), 863-873.
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) 2017. CIR Assessments. Appears as: ; Chemical_Name: Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Oil; ; ; Classification: QQQ03;
- NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2012. PubMed online scientific bibliography data. http://www.pubmed.gov.
- IARC 2015. IRAC Carcinogens (Skin Deep®). Appears as: listid: IARC-653; Chemical_Name: d-Limonene; ; CAS: 5989-27-5
- FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). 2008. EAFUS [Everything Added to Food]: A Food Additive Database. FDA Office of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition.
- EU Cosmetics Directive 2015. CosIng. Appears as: listid: COSING-27937; Chemical_Name: d-Limonene (CAS No 5989-27-5); ; CAS: 5989-27-5
ABOUT THE SKIN DEEP® RATINGS
EWG provides information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature, to supplement incomplete data available from companies and the government. The ratings below indicate the relative level of concern posed by exposure to the ingredients in this product - not the product itself - compared to other product formulations. The ratings reflect potential health hazards but do not account for the level of exposure or individual susceptibility, factors which determine actual health risks, if any. Learn more | Legal Disclaimer
ABOUT EWG VERIFIED™
Beyond providing Skin Deep® as an educational tool for consumers, EWG offers its EWG VERIFIED™ mark as a quick and easily identifiable way of conveying personal care products that meet EWG's strict health criteria. Before a company can use EWG VERIFIED™ on such products, the company must show that it fully discloses the products' ingredients on their labels or packaging, they do not contain EWG ingredients of concern, and are made with good manufacturing practices, among other criteria. Note that EWG receives licensing fees from all EWG VERIFIED™ member companies that help to support the important work we do. Learn more | Legal Disclaimer
