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TITANIUM DIOXIDE

 

Restricted: EWG VERIFIED products cannot contain this ingredient without adequate substantiation.

Asthma/Respiratory
 
Some Concern
 
Skin Allergies &
Irritation
 
No Data, Some Concern
 
Developmental &
Reproductive Toxicity
 
No Data, Some Concern
 
Cancer
 
Some Concern
 
Environment
 
No Data, Some Concern
 
Top scoring factors: Evidence of cancer; respiratory effects; kidney and urinary effects
TITANIUM DIOXIDE can be found in 27 products.
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Evidence

Health issue
 
Level of Concern
 
Source
Possibly carcinogenic to humans
 
moderate
 
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)
A National Toxicology Program (NTP) study reports that this substance causes fibrosis of the heart in animals at high doses.
Only in: Food Scores®
 
moderate
 
1979. Bioassay of titanium dioxide for possible carcinogenicity. National Cancer Institute carcinogenesis technical report series 97, 1-123.
A National Toxicology Program (NTP) study reports that this substance causes male reproductive effects in animals at high doses.
Only in: Food Scores®
 
moderate
 
1979. Bioassay of titanium dioxide for possible carcinogenicity. National Cancer Institute carcinogenesis technical report series 97, 1-123.
The European Food Safety Authority concluded this substance had the potential to damage DNA.
Only in: Food Scores®
 
some
 
EFSA. 2021. Safety assessment of titanium dioxide (E171) as a food additive. EFSA Journal.
lower respiratory tract irritation
 
some
 
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
A peer-reviewed study reports that nanoparticles of this substance accumulate in and may damage the liver in animals at high doses.
Only in: Food Scores®
 
some
 
Jiangxue Wang, Guoqiang Zhou, Chunying Chen, Hongwei Yu, Tiancheng Wang, Yongmei Ma, Guang Jia, Yuxi Gao, Bai Li, Jin Sun, Yufeng Li, Fang Jiao, Yuliang Zhao & Zhifang Chai. 2007. Acute toxicity and biodistribution of different sized titanium dioxide particles in mice after oral administration. Toxicology letters 168(2), 176-85.
A peer-reviewed study reports that nanoparticles of this substance accumulate in and may damage the kidneys in animals at high doses.
Only in: Food Scores®
 
some
 
Jiangxue Wang, Guoqiang Zhou, Chunying Chen, Hongwei Yu, Tiancheng Wang, Yongmei Ma, Guang Jia, Yuxi Gao, Bai Li, Jin Sun, Yufeng Li, Fang Jiao, Yuliang Zhao & Zhifang Chai. 2007. Acute toxicity and biodistribution of different sized titanium dioxide particles in mice after oral administration. Toxicology letters 168(2), 176-85.
not classifiable as a human carcinogen
 
low
 
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH): Threshold Limit Value (TLV) Basis
 
 
About the ratings About the ratings
EWG provides information on cleaning product ingredients from the published scientific... continue reading →
EWG provides information on cleaning product ingredients from published scientific literature, to supplement incomplete data available from companies and the government. The ratings indicate the relative level of concern posed by exposure to the ingredients in this product - not the product itself - compared to other product formulations. The ratings reflect potential health hazards but do not account for the level of exposure or individual susceptibility, factors that determine actual health risks, if any. (Hide)
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