Evidence
Health issue
Level of Concern
Source
Component: D-LIMONENE
EPA testing shows this substance has high acute toxicity to aquatic life
EPA testing shows this substance has high acute toxicity to aquatic life
some
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): EPA Fathead Minnow Acute Toxicity Database
Component: D-LIMONENE
Recognized by the European Union as a skin allergen
Recognized by the European Union as a skin allergen
some
EU Cosmetics Directive: Allergen list
Component: D-LIMONENE
The European Commission's Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety reports this substance is an established contact allergen in humans.
The European Commission's Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety reports this substance is an established contact allergen in humans.
some
EU Cosmetics Directive: Opinion on Frangrance allergens in cosmetics (2011)
Component: D-LIMONENE
dermatitis, skin allergy
dermatitis, skin allergy
some
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1994. Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Limonene.
Component: D-LIMONENE
This peer-reviewed study reports this substance causes occupational asthma.
This peer-reviewed study reports this substance causes occupational asthma.
some
Fabrizio Guarneri, Olga Barbuzza, Mario Vaccaro & Giuseppe Galtieri. 2008. Allergic contact dermatitis and asthma caused by limonene in a labourer handling citrus fruits. Contact dermatitis 58(5), 315-6.
Component: D-LIMONENE
skin irritation
skin irritation
some
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1994. Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Limonene.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Panel concluded this substance is safe for use when formulated to be non-sensitizing.
some
Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR): CIR Assessments
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel concludes this substance is safe for use when formulated to be non-irritating.
some
Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR): CIR Assessments
Component: D-LIMONENE
Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans
Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans
low
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Agents classified by the IARC Monographs (through Volume 127)
Component: D-LIMONENE
This substance is Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) as a food additive by the US Food and Drug Administration
Only in: Household Cleaners
This substance is Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) as a food additive by the US Food and Drug Administration
Only in: Household Cleaners
low
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): FDA - Priority based Assessment of Food Additive (PAFA)
Component: D-LIMONENE
developmental and reproductive toxicity
developmental and reproductive toxicity
low
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1994. Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Limonene.
Component: D-LIMONENE
mutagenicity and/or DNA damage
mutagenicity and/or DNA damage
low
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1994. Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Limonene.
