Fluoride
Manitowoc Waterworks
Fluoride occurs naturally in surface and groundwater and is also added to drinking water by many water systems. Read More.
Fluoride has been promoted as a chemical that reduces dental cavities. Yet it is now well-established that fluoride primarily exerts its protective effects through topical mechanisms, such as sodium fluoride in toothpaste and mouthwash. In contrast, long-term ingestion of fluoride in water increases dental fluorosis, which includes mottling, pitting and weakening of the teeth. EPA's maximum legal limit is set at 4 parts per million (ppm) to prevent skeletal fluorosis, a condition where bones become brittle and more susceptible to fractures, although these effects may occur at lower doses.
Even fluoride levels of 0.7 ppm, the amount of fluoride in drinking water recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service, can result in too much fluoride for bottle-fed babies. EWG recommends that caregivers mix baby formula with fluoride-free water. The National Toxicology Program is investigating the potential for low doses of fluoride to alter thyroid function and childhood brain development.
296
Samples
0
Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)
0
Samples exceeding
health guidelines
Testing results - average by year
| Year | Average result | Samples taken | Detections | Range of results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 0.662 ppm | 52 | 52 | 0.140 ppm - 0.780 ppm |
| 2015 | 0.681 ppm | 48 | 48 | 0.587 ppm - 0.790 ppm |
| 2016 | 0.679 ppm | 48 | 48 | 0.603 ppm - 0.800 ppm |
| 2017 | 0.675 ppm | 52 | 52 | 0.180 ppm - 0.850 ppm |
| 2018 | 0.725 ppm | 48 | 48 | 0.650 ppm - 0.800 ppm |
| 2019 | 0.699 ppm | 48 | 48 | 0.644 ppm - 0.770 ppm |
ppm = parts per million
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL) 4 ppm
ppm = parts per million
All test results
| Date | Lab ID | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 2014-01-12 | 116104001 | 0.580 ppm |
| 2014-01-12 | 116104001 | 0.640 ppm |
| 2014-01-12 | 116096001 | 0.671 ppm |
| 2014-01-12 | 116096001 | 0.680 ppm |
| 2014-02-02 | 118339001 | 0.653 ppm |
| 2014-02-02 | 118335001 | 0.658 ppm |
| 2014-02-02 | 118335001 | 0.680 ppm |
| 2014-02-02 | 118339001 | 0.700 ppm |
| 2014-03-04 | 122132001 | 0.642 ppm |
| 2014-03-04 | 122133001 | 0.643 ppm |
| 2014-03-04 | 122133001 | 0.680 ppm |
| 2014-03-04 | 122132001 | 0.720 ppm |
| 2014-04-01 | 125979001 | 0.670 ppm |
| 2014-04-01 | 125978001 | 0.675 ppm |
| 2014-04-01 | 125978001 | 0.690 ppm |
| 2014-04-01 | 125979001 | 0.710 ppm |
| 2014-05-05 | 131167001 | 0.681 ppm |
| 2014-05-05 | 131165001 | 0.682 ppm |
| 2014-05-05 | 131165001 | 0.720 ppm |
| 2014-05-05 | 131167001 | 0.780 ppm |
| 2014-05-07 | 784447 | 0.650 ppm |
| 2014-05-07 | 784431 | 0.650 ppm |
| 2014-05-29 | 793120 | 0.230 ppm |
| 2014-06-02 | 136843001 | 0.666 ppm |
| 2014-06-02 | 136841001 | 0.670 ppm |
| 2014-06-02 | 136841001 | 0.671 ppm |
| 2014-06-02 | 136843001 | 0.690 ppm |
| 2014-06-11 | 796114 | 0.140 ppm |
| 2014-07-01 | 142992001 | 0.682 ppm |
| 2014-07-01 | 142994001 | 0.682 ppm |
| 2014-07-01 | 142994001 | 0.720 ppm |
| 2014-07-01 | 142992001 | 0.720 ppm |
| 2014-08-06 | 150193001 | 0.650 ppm |
| 2014-08-06 | 150192001 | 0.666 ppm |
| 2014-08-06 | 150193001 | 0.673 ppm |
| 2014-08-06 | 150192001 | 0.680 ppm |
| 2014-09-10 | 156671001 | 0.590 ppm |
| 2014-09-10 | 156672001 | 0.590 ppm |
| 2014-09-10 | 156672001 | 0.625 ppm |
| 2014-09-10 | 156671001 | 0.628 ppm |
| 2014-10-01 | 161392001 | 0.709 ppm |
| 2014-10-01 | 161391001 | 0.720 ppm |
| 2014-10-01 | 161391001 | 0.724 ppm |
| 2014-10-01 | 161392001 | 0.750 ppm |
| 2014-11-03 | 167186001 | 0.702 ppm |
| 2014-11-03 | 167187001 | 0.708 ppm |
| 2014-11-03 | 167187001 | 0.720 ppm |
| 2014-11-03 | 167186001 | 0.730 ppm |
| 2014-12-01 | 170999001 | 0.670 ppm |
| 2014-12-01 | 170992001 | 0.671 ppm |
| 2014-12-01 | 170999001 | 0.740 ppm |
| 2014-12-01 | 170992001 | 0.760 ppm |
| 2015-01-05 | 174777001 | 0.696 ppm |
| 2015-01-05 | 174775001 | 0.696 ppm |
| 2015-01-05 | 174775001 | 0.750 ppm |
| 2015-01-05 | 174777001 | 0.750 ppm |
| 2015-02-02 | 178168001 | 0.690 ppm |
| 2015-02-02 | 178171001 | 0.694 ppm |
| 2015-02-02 | 178168001 | 0.780 ppm |
| 2015-02-02 | 178171001 | 0.790 ppm |
| 2015-03-09 | 183073001 | 0.626 ppm |
| 2015-03-09 | 183071001 | 0.628 ppm |
| 2015-03-09 | 183071001 | 0.650 ppm |
| 2015-03-09 | 183073001 | 0.670 ppm |
| 2015-04-06 | 186755001 | 0.614 ppm |
| 2015-04-06 | 186759001 | 0.618 ppm |
| 2015-04-06 | 186759001 | 0.690 ppm |
| 2015-04-06 | 186755001 | 0.730 ppm |
| 2015-05-04 | 191764001 | 0.587 ppm |
| 2015-05-04 | 191763001 | 0.588 ppm |
| 2015-05-04 | 191764001 | 0.700 ppm |
| 2015-05-04 | 191763001 | 0.750 ppm |
| 2015-06-01 | 197091001 | 0.599 ppm |
| 2015-06-01 | 197090001 | 0.599 ppm |
| 2015-06-01 | 197091001 | 0.620 ppm |
| 2015-06-01 | 197090001 | 0.660 ppm |
| 2015-07-06 | 204517001 | 0.625 ppm |
| 2015-07-06 | 204518001 | 0.627 ppm |
| 2015-07-06 | 204517001 | 0.680 ppm |
| 2015-07-06 | 204518001 | 0.710 ppm |
| 2015-08-03 | 210062001 | 0.627 ppm |
| 2015-08-03 | 210064001 | 0.628 ppm |
| 2015-08-03 | 210062001 | 0.740 ppm |
| 2015-08-03 | 210064001 | 0.760 ppm |
| 2015-09-01 | 215465001 | 0.623 ppm |
| 2015-09-01 | 215464001 | 0.626 ppm |
| 2015-09-01 | 215464001 | 0.650 ppm |
| 2015-09-01 | 215465001 | 0.690 ppm |
| 2015-10-05 | 222390001 | 0.660 ppm |
| 2015-10-05 | 222398001 | 0.660 ppm |
| 2015-10-05 | 222390001 | 0.710 ppm |
| 2015-10-05 | 222398001 | 0.740 ppm |
| 2015-11-02 | 226994001 | 0.705 ppm |
| 2015-11-02 | 227282001 | 0.708 ppm |
| 2015-11-02 | 227282001 | 0.730 ppm |
| 2015-11-02 | 226994001 | 0.730 ppm |
| 2015-12-01 | 231106001 | 0.671 ppm |
| 2015-12-01 | 231108001 | 0.685 ppm |
| 2015-12-01 | 231106001 | 0.730 ppm |
| 2015-12-01 | 231108001 | 0.780 ppm |
| 2016-01-05 | 234827001 | 0.701 ppm |
| 2016-01-05 | 234842001 | 0.704 ppm |
| 2016-01-05 | 234827001 | 0.740 ppm |
| 2016-01-05 | 234842001 | 0.780 ppm |
| 2016-02-01 | 238122001 | 0.620 ppm |
| 2016-02-01 | 238122001 | 0.683 ppm |
| 2016-02-01 | 238123001 | 0.685 ppm |
| 2016-02-01 | 238123001 | 0.690 ppm |
| 2016-03-01 | 242235001 | 0.688 ppm |
| 2016-03-01 | 242235001 | 0.690 ppm |
| 2016-03-01 | 242236001 | 0.691 ppm |
| 2016-03-01 | 242236001 | 0.720 ppm |
| 2016-04-04 | 247320001 | 0.665 ppm |
| 2016-04-04 | 247278001 | 0.675 ppm |
| 2016-04-04 | 247320001 | 0.700 ppm |
| 2016-04-04 | 247278001 | 0.770 ppm |
| 2016-05-02 | 252411001 | 0.615 ppm |
| 2016-05-02 | 252406001 | 0.619 ppm |
| 2016-05-02 | 252411001 | 0.640 ppm |
| 2016-05-02 | 252406001 | 0.640 ppm |
| 2016-06-01 | 257857001 | 0.630 ppm |
| 2016-06-01 | 257856001 | 0.650 ppm |
| 2016-06-01 | 257856001 | 0.664 ppm |
| 2016-06-01 | 257857001 | 0.670 ppm |
| 2016-07-06 | 264423001 | 0.630 ppm |
| 2016-07-06 | 264423001 | 0.656 ppm |
| 2016-07-06 | 264424001 | 0.657 ppm |
| 2016-07-06 | 264424001 | 0.670 ppm |
| 2016-08-01 | 270374001 | 0.603 ppm |
| 2016-08-01 | 270372001 | 0.619 ppm |
| 2016-08-01 | 270374001 | 0.650 ppm |
| 2016-08-01 | 270372001 | 0.660 ppm |
| 2016-09-07 | 276424001 | 0.654 ppm |
| 2016-09-07 | 276421001 | 0.665 ppm |
| 2016-09-07 | 276424001 | 0.710 ppm |
| 2016-09-07 | 276421001 | 0.730 ppm |
| 2016-10-03 | 282289001 | 0.641 ppm |
| 2016-10-03 | 282286001 | 0.650 ppm |
| 2016-10-03 | 282286001 | 0.651 ppm |
| 2016-10-03 | 282289001 | 0.750 ppm |
| 2016-11-07 | 288221001 | 0.660 ppm |
| 2016-11-07 | 288221001 | 0.697 ppm |
| 2016-11-07 | 288233001 | 0.700 ppm |
| 2016-11-07 | 288233001 | 0.701 ppm |
| 2016-12-05 | 291870001 | 0.691 ppm |
| 2016-12-05 | 291860001 | 0.713 ppm |
| 2016-12-05 | 291870001 | 0.720 ppm |
| 2016-12-05 | 291860001 | 0.800 ppm |
| 2017-01-02 | 295087001 | 0.680 ppm |
| 2017-01-02 | 295088001 | 0.690 ppm |
| 2017-01-02 | 295088001 | 0.690 ppm |
| 2017-01-02 | 295087001 | 0.696 ppm |
| 2017-02-07 | 299370001 | 0.670 ppm |
| 2017-02-07 | 299368001 | 0.690 ppm |
| 2017-02-07 | 299370001 | 0.693 ppm |
| 2017-02-07 | 299368001 | 0.696 ppm |
| 2017-03-07 | 302946001 | 0.700 ppm |
| 2017-03-07 | 302935001 | 0.700 ppm |
| 2017-03-07 | 302946001 | 0.700 ppm |
| 2017-03-07 | 302935001 | 0.701 ppm |
| 2017-03-08 | 1703635-001B | 0.180 ppm |
| 2017-03-09 | 1703733-001B | 0.640 ppm |
| 2017-03-15 | 1703A71-001B | 0.670 ppm |
| 2017-03-21 | 1703E69-001B | 0.260 ppm |
| 2017-04-05 | 308356001 | 0.620 ppm |
| 2017-04-05 | 308352001 | 0.660 ppm |
| 2017-04-05 | 308356001 | 0.717 ppm |
| 2017-04-05 | 308352001 | 0.719 ppm |
| 2017-05-02 | 313686001 | 0.640 ppm |
| 2017-05-02 | 313689001 | 0.700 ppm |
| 2017-05-02 | 313689001 | 0.701 ppm |
| 2017-05-02 | 313686001 | 0.711 ppm |
| 2017-06-05 | 320284001 | 0.690 ppm |
| 2017-06-05 | 320284001 | 0.722 ppm |
| 2017-06-05 | 320315001 | 0.734 ppm |
| 2017-06-05 | 320315001 | 0.740 ppm |
| 2017-07-04 | 326045001 | 0.680 ppm |
| 2017-07-04 | 326043001 | 0.690 ppm |
| 2017-07-04 | 326043001 | 0.696 ppm |
| 2017-07-04 | 326045001 | 0.696 ppm |
| 2017-08-02 | 333288001 | 0.660 ppm |
| 2017-08-02 | 333288001 | 0.702 ppm |
| 2017-08-02 | 333292001 | 0.720 ppm |
| 2017-08-02 | 333292001 | 0.725 ppm |
| 2017-09-04 | 340082001 | 0.680 ppm |
| 2017-09-04 | 340080001 | 0.680 ppm |
| 2017-09-04 | 340082001 | 0.711 ppm |
| 2017-09-04 | 340080001 | 0.715 ppm |
| 2017-10-03 | 346978001 | 0.580 ppm |
| 2017-10-03 | 346980001 | 0.620 ppm |
| 2017-10-03 | 346980001 | 0.688 ppm |
| 2017-10-03 | 346978001 | 0.695 ppm |
| 2017-11-06 | 353276001 | 0.693 ppm |
| 2017-11-06 | 353277001 | 0.706 ppm |
| 2017-11-06 | 353276001 | 0.790 ppm |
| 2017-11-06 | 353277001 | 0.850 ppm |
| 2017-12-05 | 358889001 | 0.630 ppm |
| 2017-12-05 | 358888001 | 0.680 ppm |
| 2017-12-05 | 358888001 | 0.697 ppm |
| 2017-12-05 | 358889001 | 0.700 ppm |
| 2018-01-02 | 361380001 | 0.650 ppm |
| 2018-01-02 | 361379001 | 0.650 ppm |
| 2018-01-02 | 361379001 | 0.720 ppm |
| 2018-01-02 | 361380001 | 0.727 ppm |
| 2018-02-06 | 366177001 | 0.715 ppm |
| 2018-02-06 | 366180001 | 0.721 ppm |
| 2018-02-06 | 366177001 | 0.740 ppm |
| 2018-02-06 | 366180001 | 0.740 ppm |
| 2018-03-06 | 370127001 | 0.711 ppm |
| 2018-03-06 | 370126001 | 0.711 ppm |
| 2018-03-06 | 370126001 | 0.790 ppm |
| 2018-03-06 | 370127001 | 0.800 ppm |
| 2018-04-02 | 374639001 | 0.680 ppm |
| 2018-04-02 | 374633001 | 0.680 ppm |
| 2018-04-02 | 374633001 | 0.712 ppm |
| 2018-04-02 | 374639001 | 0.716 ppm |
| 2018-05-01 | 379767001 | 0.680 ppm |
| 2018-05-01 | 379771001 | 0.725 ppm |
| 2018-05-01 | 379771001 | 0.730 ppm |
| 2018-05-01 | 379767001 | 0.740 ppm |
| 2018-06-04 | 386702001 | 0.710 ppm |
| 2018-06-04 | 386697001 | 0.733 ppm |
| 2018-06-04 | 386702001 | 0.736 ppm |
| 2018-06-04 | 386697001 | 0.780 ppm |
| 2018-07-02 | 392383001 | 0.700 ppm |
| 2018-07-02 | 392383001 | 0.739 ppm |
| 2018-07-02 | 392384001 | 0.740 ppm |
| 2018-07-02 | 392384001 | 0.745 ppm |
| 2018-08-06 | 399598001 | 0.708 ppm |
| 2018-08-06 | 399605001 | 0.719 ppm |
| 2018-08-06 | 399598001 | 0.720 ppm |
| 2018-08-06 | 399605001 | 0.730 ppm |
| 2018-09-03 | 405409001 | 0.724 ppm |
| 2018-09-03 | 405408001 | 0.730 ppm |
| 2018-09-03 | 405408001 | 0.730 ppm |
| 2018-09-03 | 405409001 | 0.750 ppm |
| 2018-10-01 | 412502001 | 0.725 ppm |
| 2018-10-01 | 412504001 | 0.729 ppm |
| 2018-10-01 | 412502001 | 0.770 ppm |
| 2018-10-01 | 412504001 | 0.770 ppm |
| 2018-11-05 | 418780001 | 0.707 ppm |
| 2018-11-05 | 418693001 | 0.719 ppm |
| 2018-11-05 | 418780001 | 0.720 ppm |
| 2018-11-05 | 418693001 | 0.750 ppm |
| 2018-12-03 | 422955001 | 0.700 ppm |
| 2018-12-03 | 422857001 | 0.720 ppm |
| 2018-12-03 | 422857001 | 0.730 ppm |
| 2018-12-03 | 422955001 | 0.735 ppm |
| 2019-01-01 | 426024001 | 0.686 ppm |
| 2019-01-01 | 426022001 | 0.689 ppm |
| 2019-01-01 | 426024001 | 0.690 ppm |
| 2019-01-01 | 426022001 | 0.740 ppm |
| 2019-02-04 | 430557001 | 0.644 ppm |
| 2019-02-04 | 430553001 | 0.654 ppm |
| 2019-02-04 | 430557001 | 0.660 ppm |
| 2019-02-04 | 430553001 | 0.690 ppm |
| 2019-03-04 | 434237001 | 0.670 ppm |
| 2019-03-04 | 434357001 | 0.680 ppm |
| 2019-03-04 | 434237001 | 0.691 ppm |
| 2019-03-04 | 434357001 | 0.721 ppm |
| 2019-04-01 | 438748001 | 0.680 ppm |
| 2019-04-01 | 438698001 | 0.692 ppm |
| 2019-04-01 | 438698001 | 0.710 ppm |
| 2019-04-01 | 438748001 | 0.717 ppm |
| 2019-05-06 | 445118001 | 0.710 ppm |
| 2019-05-06 | 445118001 | 0.721 ppm |
| 2019-05-06 | 445116001 | 0.725 ppm |
| 2019-05-06 | 445116001 | 0.770 ppm |
| 2019-06-03 | 450214001 | 0.713 ppm |
| 2019-06-03 | 450102001 | 0.713 ppm |
| 2019-06-03 | 450214001 | 0.750 ppm |
| 2019-06-03 | 450102001 | 0.750 ppm |
| 2019-07-01 | 455498001 | 0.690 ppm |
| 2019-07-01 | 455497001 | 0.690 ppm |
| 2019-07-01 | 455497001 | 0.700 ppm |
| 2019-07-01 | 455498001 | 0.710 ppm |
| 2019-08-06 | 462580001 | 0.650 ppm |
| 2019-08-06 | 462581001 | 0.680 ppm |
| 2019-08-06 | 462580001 | 0.683 ppm |
| 2019-08-06 | 462581001 | 0.686 ppm |
| 2019-09-02 | 467519001 | 0.704 ppm |
| 2019-09-02 | 467530001 | 0.707 ppm |
| 2019-09-02 | 467530001 | 0.710 ppm |
| 2019-09-02 | 467519001 | 0.740 ppm |
| 2019-10-07 | 475740001 | 0.680 ppm |
| 2019-10-07 | 475749001 | 0.680 ppm |
| 2019-10-07 | 475749001 | 0.702 ppm |
| 2019-10-07 | 475740001 | 0.705 ppm |
| 2019-11-04 | 480023001 | 0.650 ppm |
| 2019-11-04 | 480016001 | 0.660 ppm |
| 2019-11-04 | 480016001 | 0.683 ppm |
| 2019-11-04 | 480023001 | 0.692 ppm |
| 2019-12-02 | 484583001 | 0.700 ppm |
| 2019-12-02 | 484583001 | 0.713 ppm |
| 2019-12-02 | 484582001 | 0.719 ppm |
| 2019-12-02 | 484582001 | 0.760 ppm |