Haloacetic acids (HAA5)

City of Concord

Haloacetic acids are formed when disinfectants such as chlorine are added to tap water. The group of five haloacetic acids regulated by federal standards includes monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, monobromoacetic acid and dibromoacetic acid. Read More.

Haloacetic acids are harmful during pregnancy and may increase the risk of cancer. Haloacetic acids are� genotoxic, which means that they induce mutations and DNA damage. Multiple studies by the National Toxicology Program have demonstrated the cancer-causing properties of individual haloacetic acids in laboratory animals. The Department of Health and Human Services is currently considering listing di- or tri-haloacetic acids for possible inclusion in its comprehensive Report on Carcinogens.

Click here to read more about disinfection byproducts.

MORE ABOUT THIS CONTAMINANT

192

Samples

Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)

192

Samples exceeding
health guidelines

Testing results - average by year

Year	Average result	Samples taken	Detections	Range of results
2014	47.1 ppb	32	32	16.4 ppb - 72.2 ppb
2015	48.0 ppb	32	32	26.0 ppb - 75.0 ppb
2016	50.0 ppb	32	32	26.1 ppb - 79.0 ppb
2017	45.0 ppb	32	32	18.2 ppb - 72.0 ppb
2018	49.4 ppb	32	32	20.1 ppb - 79.4 ppb
2019	38.2 ppb	32	32	25.0 ppb - 60.0 ppb

ppb = parts per billion

State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines

EWG Health Guideline 0.1 ppb

The EWG Health Guideline of 0.1 ppb for the group of five haloacetic acids, or HAA5, was defined in a peer-reviewed scientific study by EWG and represents a one-in-a-million lifetime cancer risk level. This health guideline protects against cancer.

EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL) 60 ppb

The legal limit for the group of five haloacetic acids (HAA5), established in 1998, was based on the need for residual disinfectant levels in water served to customers and the cost of treatment. This limit does not fully protect against the risk of cancer and harm to the developing fetus due to exposure to haloacetic acids.

ppb = parts per billion

All test results

Date	Lab ID	Result
2014-02-19	8221-021914-B01M	48.4 ppb
2014-02-19	8221-021914-B02M	48.8 ppb
2014-02-19	8221-021914-B03M	43.3 ppb
2014-02-19	8221-021914-B04M	53.9 ppb
2014-02-19	8221-021914-B05M	48.3 ppb
2014-02-19	8221-021914-B06M	42.5 ppb
2014-02-19	8221-021914-B07M	50.6 ppb
2014-02-19	8221-021914-B08M	45.4 ppb
2014-05-14	8221-051414-B01M	61.7 ppb
2014-05-14	8221-051414-B02M	72.2 ppb
2014-05-14	8221-051414-B03M	66.2 ppb
2014-05-14	8221-051414-B04M	55.2 ppb
2014-05-14	8221-051414-B05M	65.8 ppb
2014-05-14	8221-051414-B06M	59.1 ppb
2014-05-14	8221-051414-B07M	55.9 ppb
2014-05-14	8221-051414-B08M	54.5 ppb
2014-08-06	8221-080614-B01M	33.8 ppb
2014-08-06	8221-080614-B02M	57.0 ppb
2014-08-06	8221-080614-B03M	54.3 ppb
2014-08-06	8221-080614-B04M	16.4 ppb
2014-08-06	8221-080614-B05M	44.5 ppb
2014-08-06	8221-080614-B06M	53.7 ppb
2014-08-06	8221-080614-B07M	42.5 ppb
2014-08-06	8221-080614-B08M	37.6 ppb
2014-11-12	8221-111214-B01M	45.4 ppb
2014-11-12	8221-111214-B02M	36.4 ppb
2014-11-12	8221-111214-B03M	37.7 ppb
2014-11-12	8221-111214-B04M	30.6 ppb
2014-11-12	8221-111214-B05M	33.8 ppb
2014-11-12	8221-111214-B06M	37.7 ppb
2014-11-12	8221-111214-B07M	41.6 ppb
2014-11-12	8221-111214-B08M	31.7 ppb
2015-02-11		34.6 ppb
2015-02-11		33.0 ppb
2015-02-11		32.7 ppb
2015-02-11		26.0 ppb
2015-02-11		27.9 ppb
2015-02-11		38.4 ppb
2015-02-11		38.7 ppb
2015-02-11		36.7 ppb
2015-05-13		45.7 ppb
2015-05-13		73.5 ppb
2015-05-13		65.4 ppb
2015-05-13		48.6 ppb
2015-05-13		48.2 ppb
2015-05-13		60.9 ppb
2015-05-13		60.9 ppb
2015-05-20		68.4 ppb
2015-08-12		28.7 ppb
2015-08-12		46.0 ppb
2015-08-12		53.0 ppb
2015-08-12		44.0 ppb
2015-08-12		39.0 ppb
2015-08-12		75.0 ppb
2015-08-12		37.0 ppb
2015-08-12		49.0 ppb
2015-11-11		40.0 ppb
2015-11-11		57.0 ppb
2015-11-11		54.0 ppb
2015-11-11		49.3 ppb
2015-11-11		51.0 ppb
2015-11-11		56.0 ppb
2015-11-11		55.3 ppb
2015-11-11		63.0 ppb
2016-02-09	3398151	56.0 ppb
2016-02-09	3398152	65.0 ppb
2016-02-09	3398153	65.0 ppb
2016-02-09	3398154	55.0 ppb
2016-02-09	3398155	44.0 ppb
2016-02-09	3398156	65.0 ppb
2016-02-09	3398157	56.0 ppb
2016-02-09	3398158	79.0 ppb
2016-05-10	3445899	43.1 ppb
2016-05-10	3445900	35.1 ppb
2016-05-10	3445901	29.0 ppb
2016-05-10	3445902	33.0 ppb
2016-05-10	3445903	32.0 ppb
2016-05-10	3445904	34.0 ppb
2016-05-10	3445905	29.2 ppb
2016-05-10	3445906	33.0 ppb
2016-08-09	3516973	26.1 ppb
2016-08-09	3516974	59.5 ppb
2016-08-09	3516975	67.2 ppb
2016-08-09	3516976	53.1 ppb
2016-08-09	3516977	65.8 ppb
2016-08-09	3516978	72.6 ppb
2016-08-09	3516979	72.9 ppb
2016-08-09	3516980	63.1 ppb
2016-11-08	3582273	49.0 ppb
2016-11-08	3582274	45.0 ppb
2016-11-08	3582275	46.0 ppb
2016-11-08	3582276	37.0 ppb
2016-11-08	3582277	46.0 ppb
2016-11-08	3582278	47.0 ppb
2016-11-08	3582279	48.0 ppb
2016-11-08	3582280	48.0 ppb
2017-02-14	3638212	72.0 ppb
2017-02-14	3638213	45.0 ppb
2017-02-14	3638214	42.0 ppb
2017-02-14	3638215	29.0 ppb
2017-02-14	3638216	57.0 ppb
2017-02-14	3638217	43.0 ppb
2017-02-14	3638218	63.0 ppb
2017-02-14	3638219	50.0 ppb
2017-05-09	3691015	52.1 ppb
2017-05-09	3691016	50.6 ppb
2017-05-09	3691017	49.5 ppb
2017-05-09	3691018	40.0 ppb
2017-05-09	3691019	57.9 ppb
2017-05-09	3691020	48.1 ppb
2017-05-09	3691021	65.8 ppb
2017-05-09	3691022	51.7 ppb
2017-08-08	3751659	31.4 ppb
2017-08-08	3751660	56.0 ppb
2017-08-08	3751661	49.0 ppb
2017-08-08	3751662	47.0 ppb
2017-08-08	3751663	51.0 ppb
2017-08-08	3751664	63.0 ppb
2017-08-08	3751665	39.0 ppb
2017-08-08	3751666	62.0 ppb
2017-11-16	3823072	31.0 ppb
2017-11-16	3823073	30.0 ppb
2017-11-16	3823074	30.0 ppb
2017-11-16	3823075	27.0 ppb
2017-11-16	3823076	28.0 ppb
2017-11-16	3823077	30.0 ppb
2017-11-16	3823078	18.2 ppb
2017-11-16	3823079	31.0 ppb
2018-02-13	3871452	25.0 ppb
2018-02-13	3871453	23.0 ppb
2018-02-13	3871454	24.0 ppb
2018-02-13	3871455	21.0 ppb
2018-02-13	3871456	20.1 ppb
2018-02-13	3871457	24.0 ppb
2018-02-13	3871458	22.2 ppb
2018-02-13	3871459	30.0 ppb
2018-05-08	3931399	48.7 ppb
2018-05-08	3931400	54.2 ppb
2018-05-08	3931401	54.1 ppb
2018-05-08	3931402	48.1 ppb
2018-05-08	3931403	40.0 ppb
2018-05-08	3931405	40.0 ppb
2018-05-08	3931406	46.0 ppb
2018-05-24	3946295	50.0 ppb
2018-08-21	4031494	74.6 ppb
2018-08-21	4031495	66.4 ppb
2018-08-21	4031496	59.0 ppb
2018-08-21	4031497	69.4 ppb
2018-08-21	4031498	79.4 ppb
2018-08-21	4031499	71.3 ppb
2018-08-21	4031500	74.5 ppb
2018-08-21	4031501	56.0 ppb
2018-11-13	4121273	58.0 ppb
2018-11-13	4121275	40.3 ppb
2018-11-13	4121277	51.0 ppb
2018-11-13	4121352	65.0 ppb
2018-11-13	4121354	61.0 ppb
2018-11-13	4121356	61.0 ppb
2018-11-13	4121358	58.0 ppb
2018-11-13	4121360	64.0 ppb
2019-02-12	4195491-1	33.0 ppb
2019-02-12	4195492-1	32.0 ppb
2019-02-12	4195493-1	31.0 ppb
2019-02-12	4195494-1	30.0 ppb
2019-02-12	4195495-1	30.0 ppb
2019-02-12	4195496-1	35.0 ppb
2019-02-12	4195497-1	40.0 ppb
2019-02-12	4195498-1	40.0 ppb
2019-05-14	4294421	31.0 ppb
2019-05-14	4294423	42.0 ppb
2019-05-14	4294425	44.0 ppb
2019-05-14	4294427	34.0 ppb
2019-05-14	4294429	26.0 ppb
2019-05-14	4294431	40.0 ppb
2019-05-14	4294433	36.0 ppb
2019-05-14	4294435	39.0 ppb
2019-08-13	4385973	51.0 ppb
2019-08-13	4385975	37.0 ppb
2019-08-13	4385977	31.0 ppb
2019-08-13	4385979	48.0 ppb
2019-08-13	4385981	60.0 ppb
2019-08-13	4385983	33.0 ppb
2019-08-13	4385985	60.0 ppb
2019-08-13	4385987	38.0 ppb
2019-11-12	4483518	39.0 ppb
2019-11-12	4483520	26.0 ppb
2019-11-12	4483522	25.0 ppb
2019-11-12	4483524	50.0 ppb
2019-11-12	4483526	56.0 ppb
2019-11-12	4483528	32.0 ppb
2019-11-12	4483530	44.0 ppb
2019-11-12	4483532	28.0 ppb