Know Your Environment. Protect Your Health.

Radium, combined (-226 and -228)

Cheniere Drew North Water System

Radium is a radioactive element that causes bone cancer and other cancers. It can occur naturally in groundwater, and oil and gas extraction activities such as hydraulic fracturing can elevate concentrations. Read More.

Radium releases radioactive particles that harm health in many ways, causing tumors in bone, lungs and other organs; leukemia; and skin and blood damage. Water utilities typically report radium amounts in picocuries per liter (pCi/L), which is a measure of radioactivity in water. The two most common forms of radium are radium-226 and radium-228. They may be reported separately or together.

Federal law allows up to 5 picocuries per liter of combined radium-226 and radium-228 in tap water. Research by the U.S. Geological Survey shows that in some regions of the country, such as the mid-continental region and North Atlantic coastal region, more than 20 percent of sampled wells have radium in levels exceeding the federal drinking water limit. And the legal limit does not equate safety: The EPA estimates that one in every 10,000 people drinking water containing radium at this level would develop cancer over a lifetime.

California set a public health goal much lower than the federal limit – 0.05 picocuries per liter of radium-226 and 0.019 picocuries per liter of radium-228, concentrations that are lower than the detection limit for most water tests.

Click here to read more on radiological contaminants.

 

31

Samples

0

Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)

2

Samples exceeding
health guidelines

Testing results - average by year

 
YearAverage resultSamples takenDetectionsRange of results
2018N/A00N/A
2019N/A00N/A
2020ND160ND
2021N/A00N/A
2022N/A00N/A
20230.11 pCi/L152ND - 0.84 pCi/L

pCi/L = picocuries per liter

State, National, and Health Guidelines for Drinking Water

EWG Health Guideline: 0.05 pCi/L

EWG applied the health guideline of 0.05 pCi/L, defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal for radium-226, to radium-226 and radium-228 combined. This health guideline protects against cancer.

EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL): 5 pCi/L

The legal limit for combined radium-226 and radium-228, established in 1976, was based on costs for radium removal, as calculated at the time that the standard was set. This limit does not fully protect against the risk of cancer due to radium exposure.

pCi/L = picocuries per liter

All test results

Date Lab ID Result
2020-07-3035566945001ND
2020-07-3035566947001ND
2020-07-30202148-GRANDIN RESERVOIR RAW WND
2020-07-302021414-WELL #1ND
2020-07-302021420-WELL 1 SOURCE SAMPLE (ND
2020-07-302021426-LOWELL WTP - RAWND
2020-07-302021427-RAW WATER: POPULATIC WND
2020-09-2235579533002ND
2020-09-22202169-RAW WATER: WELL #1ND
2020-09-22202164-RAW WATER: LANCASTER AVND
2020-09-222021615-WHITCOMB WELLFIELD #3ND
2020-09-222021527-RAW WATER: WHITCOMB WEND
2020-09-222021524-RAW WATER: CLIFF RD. WND
2020-09-222021426-WELL #10A AND #10BND
2020-09-2235579535001ND
2020-09-2235579533001ND
2023-10-092023411-WELL #1, #6 REPLACEMEN0.84 pCi/L
2023-10-09202365-GP WELL # 4ND
2023-10-09202359-BANFILL ROADND
2023-10-09202353-MID-POINT: SHABOKIN TRAND
2023-10-092023523-STATION # 2 (02G)ND
2023-10-092023523-HARTFORD AVE. FILTRATIND
2023-10-09202351-W.T.P. - FINISHED WATEND
2023-10-09202346-MILE LANE GP WELLND
2023-10-092023412-MCKEON TREATMENT PLANTND
2023-10-09358336250050.84 pCi/L
2023-10-092023411-RAW WATER: OTTER RIVERND
2023-10-0935833625001ND
2023-10-0935833625002ND
2023-10-0935833625003ND
2023-10-0935833625004ND