Know Your Environment. Protect Your Health.

Radium, combined (-226 and -228)

West Jefferson Waterworks District 2

Radium is a radioactive element that causes bone cancer and other cancers. It can occur naturally in groundwater, and oil and gas extraction activities such as hydraulic fracturing can elevate concentrations. Read More.

Radium releases radioactive particles that harm health in many ways, causing tumors in bone, lungs and other organs; leukemia; and skin and blood damage. Water utilities typically report radium amounts in picocuries per liter (pCi/L), which is a measure of radioactivity in water. The two most common forms of radium are radium-226 and radium-228. They may be reported separately or together.

Federal law allows up to 5 picocuries per liter of combined radium-226 and radium-228 in tap water. Research by the U.S. Geological Survey shows that in some regions of the country, such as the mid-continental region and North Atlantic coastal region, more than 20 percent of sampled wells have radium in levels exceeding the federal drinking water limit. And the legal limit does not equate safety: The EPA estimates that one in every 10,000 people drinking water containing radium at this level would develop cancer over a lifetime.

California set a public health goal much lower than the federal limit – 0.05 picocuries per liter of radium-226 and 0.019 picocuries per liter of radium-228, concentrations that are lower than the detection limit for most water tests.

Click here to read more on radiological contaminants.

 

26

Samples

0

Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)

3

Samples exceeding
health guidelines

Testing results - average by year

 
YearAverage resultSamples takenDetectionsRange of results
2018ND40ND
2019ND40ND
2020ND30ND
2021ND90ND
2022ND30ND
20230.64 pCi/L330.33 pCi/L - 0.95 pCi/L

pCi/L = picocuries per liter

State, National, and Health Guidelines for Drinking Water

EWG Health Guideline: 0.05 pCi/L

EWG applied the health guideline of 0.05 pCi/L, defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal for radium-226, to radium-226 and radium-228 combined. This health guideline protects against cancer.

EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL): 5 pCi/L

The legal limit for combined radium-226 and radium-228, established in 1976, was based on costs for radium removal, as calculated at the time that the standard was set. This limit does not fully protect against the risk of cancer due to radium exposure.

pCi/L = picocuries per liter

All test results

Date Lab ID Result
2018-01-3035371297004ND
2018-01-3035371297004ND
2018-01-30202026-LORING SCHOOLND
2018-01-302020218-TREATMENT PLANT FINISHND
2019-02-052020523-ELLINWOOD COUNTRY CLUBND
2019-02-0535446731001ND
2019-02-05202048-RAW WATER: WELL #1ND
2019-02-0535446731001ND
2020-03-1835538508001ND
2020-03-182021414-SO. CHATHAM TREATMENTND
2020-03-182021616-CROOKED SPRING WTP - FND
2021-01-2835608074001ND
2021-01-282021122-RAW WATER: CRANBERRY BND
2021-01-2820211221-POINT OF ENTRY POST TND
2021-12-0935683323001ND
2021-12-0935683309001ND
2021-12-0920211019-POINT OF ENTRY POST TND
2021-12-0920211026-FEDERAL FURNACE GP WEND
2021-12-092021111-MA RESERVATION BUILDINND
2021-12-0920211216-GROVE STREET WTP (FINND
2022-01-1335690758001ND
2022-01-13202282-NEW LAWRENCE WTP - FININD
2022-01-132022719-POINT OF ENTRY POST TRND
2023-02-01357771790010.95 pCi/L
2023-02-012023418-FINISHED: LOWELL & DUD0.33 pCi/L
2023-02-012023531-D'ANGELIS: POST GAC VE0.62 pCi/L