1,4-Dioxane
Lihue-Kapaa
1,4-Dioxane is a solvent classified by the EPA as a likely human carcinogen. It contaminates groundwater in many states due to industrial wastewater discharges, plastic manufacturing runoff and landfill runoff. Read More.
Animal studies show that 1,4-dioxane can target the liver, kidneys and respiratory system, and that prenatal exposure can harm the developing fetus. The State of California has set a Public Heatlh Goal of no more than 1 part per billion of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water. The state of Massachusetts sets a legal limit of 0.3 ppb, and New Hampshire's limit is 3 parts per billion. There is no national drinking water standard for this contaminant.
Samples
Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)
Samples exceeding
health guidelines
Testing results - average by year
| Year | Average result | Samples taken | Detections | Range of results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 0.00864 ppb | 22 | 2 | ND - 0.120 ppb |
| 2015 | 0.00800 ppb | 23 | 2 | ND - 0.0960 ppb |
| 2016 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2017 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2018 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2019 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
ppb = parts per billion
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EWG Health Guideline 0.35 ppb
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.35 ppb for 1,4-dioxane was defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.
ppb = parts per billion
All test results
| Date | Lab ID | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 2014-07-09 | 201407110329AM | ND |
| 2014-07-09 | 201407110393AM | ND |
| 2014-07-09 | 201407110331AM | ND |
| 2014-07-09 | 201407110388AM | ND |
| 2014-07-11 | 201407160559AM | ND |
| 2014-07-11 | 201407150413AM | ND |
| 2014-07-11 | 201407160693AM | ND |
| 2014-07-11 | 201407160644AM | ND |
| 2014-07-11 | 201407150417AM | ND |
| 2014-07-15 | 201407170587AM | ND |
| 2014-07-15 | 201407170554AM | ND |
| 2014-07-15 | 201407170558AM | ND |
| 2014-07-15 | 201407170502AM | ND |
| 2014-07-17 | 201407180240AM | ND |
| 2014-07-17 | 201407180232AM | ND |
| 2014-07-17 | 201407180252AM | ND |
| 2014-07-21 | 201407230562AM | ND |
| 2014-07-21 | 201407230803AM | ND |
| 2014-07-21 | 201407230494AM | 0.0700 ppb |
| 2014-07-21 | 201407230566AM | 0.120 ppb |
| 2014-07-29 | 201407310306AM | ND |
| 2014-10-27 | 201410290419AM | ND |
| 2015-01-05 | 201501070169AM | ND |
| 2015-01-05 | 201501070211AM | ND |
| 2015-01-05 | 201501070217AM | ND |
| 2015-01-05 | 201501070174AM | ND |
| 2015-01-06 | 201501080702AM | ND |
| 2015-01-06 | 201501080712AM | ND |
| 2015-01-07 | 201501090548AM | ND |
| 2015-01-07 | 201501090559AM | ND |
| 2015-01-09 | 201501130506AM | ND |
| 2015-01-09 | 201501140369AM | ND |
| 2015-01-09 | 201501130599AM | ND |
| 2015-01-09 | 201501130614AM | ND |
| 2015-01-12 | 201501140662AM | ND |
| 2015-01-12 | 201501140527AM | ND |
| 2015-01-12 | 201501140607AM | ND |
| 2015-01-12 | 201501140519AM | ND |
| 2015-01-14 | 201501160239AM | 0.0880 ppb |
| 2015-01-14 | 201501160193AM | ND |
| 2015-01-14 | 201501160248AM | ND |
| 2015-01-14 | 201501160246AM | ND |
| 2015-01-30 | 201502030253AM | 0.0960 ppb |
| 2015-04-20 | 201504220563AM | ND |
| 2015-07-31 | 201508050054AM | ND |