Toxaphene
Wahiawa
Toxaphene is a neurotoxic, persistent and bioaccumulative insecticide classified by the EPA as a probable human carcinogen.
Samples
Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)
Samples exceeding
health guidelines
Testing results - average by year
| Year | Average result | Samples taken | Detections | Range of results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2014 | ND | 10 | 0 | ND |
| 2015 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2016 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2017 | ND | 6 | 0 | ND |
| 2018 | ND | 2 | 0 | ND |
| 2019 | ND | 1 | 0 | ND |
ppb = parts per billion
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EWG Health Guideline 0.03 ppb
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.03 ppb for toxaphene was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. This health guideline protects against cancer.
EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL) 3 ppb
The legal limit for toxaphene, established in 1991, was based on analytical detection limits at the time that the standard was set. This limit may not fully protect against the risk of cancer due to toxaphene exposure.
ppb = parts per billion
All test results
| Date | Lab ID | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 2014-02-03 | 201402050209 | ND |
| 2014-02-03 | 201402050209 | ND |
| 2014-02-11 | 201402140314 | ND |
| 2014-02-11 | 201402140314 | ND |
| 2014-08-04 | 201408060611 | ND |
| 2014-08-04 | 201408060611 | ND |
| 2014-10-20 | 201410220438 | ND |
| 2014-10-20 | 201410220437 | ND |
| 2014-10-20 | 201410220438 | ND |
| 2014-10-20 | 201410220437 | ND |
| 2017-01-30 | ND | |
| 2017-01-30 | ND | |
| 2017-03-20 | ND | |
| 2017-03-20 | ND | |
| 2017-10-31 | ND | |
| 2017-11-20 | ND | |
| 2018-04-18 | 201804200571 | ND |
| 2018-08-15 | 201808170535 | ND |
| 2019-05-01 | 201903280505 | ND |