1,4-Dioxane
City of Redding
1,4-Dioxane is a solvent classified by the EPA as a likely human carcinogen. It contaminates groundwater in many states due to industrial wastewater discharges, plastic manufacturing runoff and landfill runoff. Read More.
Animal studies show that 1,4-dioxane can target the liver, kidneys and respiratory system, and that prenatal exposure can harm the developing fetus. The State of California has set a Public Heatlh Goal of no more than 1 part per billion of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water. The state of Massachusetts sets a legal limit of 0.3 ppb, and New Hampshire's limit is 3 parts per billion. There is no national drinking water standard for this contaminant.
Samples
Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)
Samples exceeding
health guidelines
Testing results - average by year
| Year | Average result | Samples taken | Detections | Range of results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | ND | 19 | 0 | ND |
| 2014 | ND | 12 | 0 | ND |
| 2015 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2016 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2017 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2018 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2019 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
ppb = parts per billion
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EWG Health Guideline 0.35 ppb
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.35 ppb for 1,4-dioxane was defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.
ppb = parts per billion
All test results
| Date | Lab ID | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 2013-06-17 | 2844692 | ND |
| 2013-06-17 | 2844707 | ND |
| 2013-06-17 | 2844352 | ND |
| 2013-06-17 | 2844334 | ND |
| 2013-06-17 | 2844866 | ND |
| 2013-06-17 | 2844671 | ND |
| 2013-06-17 | 2844848 | ND |
| 2013-06-17 | 2844310 | ND |
| 2013-06-17 | 2844716 | ND |
| 2013-06-17 | 2844325 | ND |
| 2013-06-17 | 2844835 | ND |
| 2013-06-17 | 2844826 | ND |
| 2013-06-17 | 2844816 | ND |
| 2013-09-12 | 2896095 | ND |
| 2013-09-12 | 2896042 | ND |
| 2013-12-06 | 2941955 | ND |
| 2013-12-06 | 2941946 | ND |
| 2013-12-06 | 2941986 | ND |
| 2013-12-17 | 2947269 | ND |
| 2014-03-20 | 2996233 | ND |
| 2014-03-20 | 2996211 | ND |
| 2014-03-20 | 2995959 | ND |
| 2014-03-20 | 2995702 | ND |
| 2014-03-20 | 2995785 | ND |
| 2014-03-20 | 2995841 | ND |
| 2014-06-12 | 3044486 | ND |
| 2014-06-12 | 3044443 | ND |
| 2014-06-12 | 3044819 | ND |
| 2014-06-12 | 3044472 | ND |
| 2014-06-12 | 3044539 | ND |
| 2014-06-12 | 3044611 | ND |