1,4-Dioxane
Golden State Water Company (GSWC) - Artesia
1,4-Dioxane is a solvent classified by the EPA as a likely human carcinogen. It contaminates groundwater in many states due to industrial wastewater discharges, plastic manufacturing runoff and landfill runoff. Read More.
Animal studies show that 1,4-dioxane can target the liver, kidneys and respiratory system, and that prenatal exposure can harm the developing fetus. The State of California has set a Public Heatlh Goal of no more than 1 part per billion of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water. The state of Massachusetts sets a legal limit of 0.3 ppb, and New Hampshire's limit is 3 parts per billion. There is no national drinking water standard for this contaminant.
Testing results - average by year
Year | Average result | Samples taken | Detections | Range of results |
---|---|---|---|---|
2013 | 1.48 ppb | 10 | 4 | ND - 4.50 ppb |
2014 | 2.60 ppb | 4 | 4 | 2.20 ppb - 3.00 ppb |
2015 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
2016 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
2017 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
2018 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
2019 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
ppb = parts per billion
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EWG Health Guideline 0.35 ppb
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.35 ppb for 1,4-dioxane was defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.
ppb = parts per billion
All test results
Date | Lab ID | Result |
---|---|---|
2013-03-12 | 201303120349AM | ND |
2013-03-12 | 201303120357AM | 3.00 ppb |
2013-03-12 | 201303120355AM | ND |
2013-03-12 | 201303120351AM | ND |
2013-03-12 | 201303120353AM | 4.50 ppb |
2013-09-11 | 201309110726AM | ND |
2013-09-11 | 201309110734AM | 2.90 ppb |
2013-09-11 | 201309110728AM | ND |
2013-09-11 | 201309110732AM | ND |
2013-09-11 | 201309110730AM | 4.40 ppb |
2014-03-12 | 2706-015-1115 | 2.90 ppb |
2014-05-06 | 2706-015-0800 | 2.30 ppb |
2014-08-05 | 2706-015-1155 | 2.20 ppb |
2014-11-04 | 2706-015-1243 | 3.00 ppb |