1,4-Dioxane
California Water Service (CWS) - Bakersfield
1,4-Dioxane is a solvent classified by the EPA as a likely human carcinogen. It contaminates groundwater in many states due to industrial wastewater discharges, plastic manufacturing runoff and landfill runoff. Read More.
Animal studies show that 1,4-dioxane can target the liver, kidneys and respiratory system, and that prenatal exposure can harm the developing fetus. The State of California has set a Public Heatlh Goal of no more than 1 part per billion of 1,4-dioxane in drinking water. The state of Massachusetts sets a legal limit of 0.3 ppb, and New Hampshire's limit is 3 parts per billion. There is no national drinking water standard for this contaminant.
Samples
Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)
Samples exceeding
health guidelines
Testing results - average by year
| Year | Average result | Samples taken | Detections | Range of results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 0.0297 ppb | 41 | 7 | ND - 0.320 ppb |
| 2015 | 0.0410 ppb | 41 | 9 | ND - 0.380 ppb |
| 2016 | 0.150 ppb | 3 | 2 | ND - 0.240 ppb |
| 2017 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2018 | ND | 1 | 0 | ND |
| 2019 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
ppb = parts per billion
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EWG Health Guideline 0.35 ppb
The EWG Health Guideline of 0.35 ppb for 1,4-dioxane was defined by the Environmental Protection Agency as a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer. Values greater than one-in-a-million cancer risk level can result in increased cancer cases above one in a million people.
ppb = parts per billion
All test results
| Date | Lab ID | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 2014-06-09 | A4E0742-01A | ND |
| 2014-06-09 | A4E0742-09A | ND |
| 2014-06-16 | A4E2256-01A | ND |
| 2014-06-16 | A4E2250-01A | ND |
| 2014-06-16 | A4E2253-01A | ND |
| 2014-07-14 | A4F2472-01A | ND |
| 2014-07-15 | A4F2476-01A | ND |
| 2014-07-15 | A4F2477-01A | ND |
| 2014-07-15 | A4F2473-01A | ND |
| 2014-07-15 | A4F1967-01A | ND |
| 2014-07-17 | A4F2474-01A | ND |
| 2014-07-18 | A4G0684-01A | 0.280 ppb |
| 2014-07-18 | A4G0683-01A | ND |
| 2014-07-28 | A4G1965-01A | ND |
| 2014-08-11 | A4G2144-01A | 0.110 ppb |
| 2014-08-18 | A4H0210-01A | ND |
| 2014-08-29 | A4G2146-01A | 0.200 ppb |
| 2014-09-08 | A4G2782-01A | 0.140 ppb |
| 2014-09-08 | A4G2149-01A | ND |
| 2014-09-08 | A4H2667-01A | ND |
| 2014-09-08 | A4H0209-01A | ND |
| 2014-09-08 | A4G2784-01A | ND |
| 2014-09-08 | A4G2780-01A | ND |
| 2014-09-10 | A4H2706-01A | ND |
| 2014-09-10 | A4G2779-01A | 0.320 ppb |
| 2014-09-18 | A4I0206-01A | ND |
| 2014-09-23 | A4I0209-01A | ND |
| 2014-09-23 | A4I1702-01A | ND |
| 2014-09-23 | A4H2659-01A | ND |
| 2014-10-07 | A4H2671-01A | ND |
| 2014-10-10 | A4I2124-01A | ND |
| 2014-10-13 | A4J0081-01A | ND |
| 2014-10-17 | A4I2273-01A | ND |
| 2014-10-17 | A4J1137-01A | ND |
| 2014-10-21 | A4J1136-01A | 0.0790 ppb |
| 2014-10-24 | A4H2664-01A | 0.0870 ppb |
| 2014-12-02 | A4K0896-01A | ND |
| 2014-12-08 | A4K0902-01A | ND |
| 2014-12-08 | A4K2091-01A | ND |
| 2014-12-08 | A4K2089-01A | ND |
| 2014-12-10 | A4J2315-01A | ND |
| 2015-01-05 | A4L2527-01A | 0.160 ppb |
| 2015-01-09 | A4L2604-01A | ND |
| 2015-01-09 | A4L2606-01A | ND |
| 2015-01-09 | A4L2605-01A | ND |
| 2015-01-16 | A5A0580-01A | ND |
| 2015-01-16 | A5A0581-01A | ND |
| 2015-01-23 | A4K2092-01A | ND |
| 2015-01-30 | A5A1899-01A | ND |
| 2015-02-10 | A5A1960-01A | ND |
| 2015-03-16 | 201503180510AM | ND |
| 2015-03-25 | 201503270214AM | 0.230 ppb |
| 2015-03-25 | 201503270228AM | ND |
| 2015-04-07 | 201504090621AM | ND |
| 2015-04-30 | 201505050052AM | ND |
| 2015-04-30 | 201505050061AM | ND |
| 2015-05-05 | 201505070533AM | ND |
| 2015-05-11 | 201505130593AM | 0.180 ppb |
| 2015-05-11 | 201505130468AM | ND |
| 2015-05-11 | 201505130581AM | ND |
| 2015-06-09 | 201506120272AM | ND |
| 2015-06-09 | 201506120193AM | ND |
| 2015-06-23 | 201506250427AM | ND |
| 2015-07-27 | 201507290574AM | 0.130 ppb |
| 2015-08-25 | 201508280104AM | 0.120 ppb |
| 2015-08-25 | 201508280057AM | ND |
| 2015-08-25 | 201508280211AM | ND |
| 2015-08-25 | 201508280066AM | 0.380 ppb |
| 2015-08-25 | 201509010619AM | ND |
| 2015-09-03 | 201509090382AM | ND |
| 2015-09-29 | 201510020551AM | ND |
| 2015-09-30 | 201510020496AM | ND |
| 2015-09-30 | 201510020601AM | 0.110 ppb |
| 2015-10-05 | 201510090190AM | 0.270 ppb |
| 2015-10-05 | 201510090399AM | ND |
| 2015-10-06 | 201510090456AM | ND |
| 2015-10-15 | 201510220443AM | ND |
| 2015-10-20 | 201510220425AM | ND |
| 2015-10-27 | 201510290305AM | ND |
| 2015-10-29 | 201511050557AM | ND |
| 2015-11-02 | 201511060299AM | ND |
| 2015-11-09 | 201511130074AM | 0.0990 ppb |
| 2016-01-15 | 201601200774AM | 0.240 ppb |
| 2016-02-12 | 201602170819AM | ND |
| 2016-02-12 | 201602170682AM | 0.210 ppb |
| 2018-06-15 | 9590-026-0945 | ND |