Fluoride
Sardis Water Association
Fluoride occurs naturally in surface and groundwater and is also added to drinking water by many water systems. Read More.
Fluoride has been promoted as a chemical that reduces dental cavities. Yet it is now well-established that fluoride primarily exerts its protective effects through topical mechanisms, such as sodium fluoride in toothpaste and mouthwash. In contrast, long-term ingestion of fluoride in water increases dental fluorosis, which includes mottling, pitting and weakening of the teeth. EPA's maximum legal limit is set at 4 parts per million (ppm) to prevent skeletal fluorosis, a condition where bones become brittle and more susceptible to fractures, although these effects may occur at lower doses.
Even fluoride levels of 0.7 ppm, the amount of fluoride in drinking water recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service, can result in too much fluoride for bottle-fed babies. EWG recommends that caregivers mix baby formula with fluoride-free water. The National Toxicology Program is investigating the potential for low doses of fluoride to alter thyroid function and childhood brain development.
Samples
Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)
Samples exceeding
health guidelines
Testing results - average by year
| Year | Average result | Samples taken | Detections | Range of results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 0.593 ppm | 4 | 3 | ND - 1.03 ppm |
| 2015 | 0.960 ppm | 22 | 22 | 0.610 ppm - 1.50 ppm |
| 2016 | 0.914 ppm | 24 | 24 | 0.550 ppm - 1.06 ppm |
| 2017 | 0.818 ppm | 23 | 23 | 0.490 ppm - 0.980 ppm |
| 2018 | 1.05 ppm | 21 | 21 | 0.730 ppm - 1.86 ppm |
| 2019 | 0.870 ppm | 22 | 22 | 0.480 ppm - 2.56 ppm |
ppm = parts per million
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL) 4 ppm
ppm = parts per million
All test results
| Date | Lab ID | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 2014-04-02 | 140930020 | ND |
| 2014-04-02 | 140930019 | 1.03 ppm |
| 2014-12-30 | Y150130002 | 0.310 ppm |
| 2014-12-30 | Y150130001 | 1.03 ppm |
| 2015-01-27 | Y150330016 | 0.930 ppm |
| 2015-01-27 | Y150330015 | 0.850 ppm |
| 2015-02-25 | Y150610017 | 0.610 ppm |
| 2015-02-25 | Y150610018 | 1.02 ppm |
| 2015-03-25 | Y150890013 | 1.000 ppm |
| 2015-03-25 | Y150890014 | 0.670 ppm |
| 2015-04-23 | Y151140025 | 1.11 ppm |
| 2015-05-13 | Y151340035 | 1.07 ppm |
| 2015-05-13 | Y151340034 | 1.000 ppm |
| 2015-06-10 | Y151670003 | 0.840 ppm |
| 2015-06-10 | Y151670002 | 1.000 ppm |
| 2015-07-14 | Y152020015 | 0.950 ppm |
| 2015-07-14 | Y152020016 | 0.970 ppm |
| 2015-08-12 | Y152260067 | 1.50 ppm |
| 2015-08-12 | Y152260075 | 1.02 ppm |
| 2015-09-15 | Y152580036 | 0.850 ppm |
| 2015-09-15 | Y152580037 | 0.940 ppm |
| 2015-10-12 | Y152890072 | 0.930 ppm |
| 2015-10-12 | Y152890073 | 0.970 ppm |
| 2015-11-11 | Y153200026 | 0.860 ppm |
| 2015-12-16 | Y153520040 | 1.01 ppm |
| 2015-12-22 | Y153570011 | 1.03 ppm |
| 2016-01-05 | Y160080040 | 0.830 ppm |
| 2016-01-05 | Y160080031 | 0.960 ppm |
| 2016-02-11 | Y160470037 | 0.990 ppm |
| 2016-02-11 | Y160470038 | 0.900 ppm |
| 2016-03-15 | Y160810016 | 0.970 ppm |
| 2016-03-18 | Y160810015 | 0.920 ppm |
| 2016-04-14 | Y161060056 | 0.840 ppm |
| 2016-04-14 | Y161060057 | 0.940 ppm |
| 2016-05-12 | Y161440017 | 0.980 ppm |
| 2016-05-12 | Y161440018 | 0.980 ppm |
| 2016-06-08 | Y161790006 | 1.000 ppm |
| 2016-06-08 | Y161790007 | 1.000 ppm |
| 2016-07-12 | Y162000005 | 0.910 ppm |
| 2016-07-12 | Y162000006 | 0.960 ppm |
| 2016-08-12 | Y162350032 | 0.960 ppm |
| 2016-08-12 | Y162350033 | 0.940 ppm |
| 2016-09-13 | Y162640002 | 0.950 ppm |
| 2016-09-13 | Y162640003 | 1.000 ppm |
| 2016-10-11 | Y162880025 | 1.06 ppm |
| 2016-10-11 | Y162880026 | 1.03 ppm |
| 2016-11-22 | Y163280007 | 0.620 ppm |
| 2016-11-22 | Y163280010 | 0.830 ppm |
| 2016-12-14 | Y163500026 | 0.820 ppm |
| 2016-12-14 | Y163500027 | 0.550 ppm |
| 2017-01-11 | Y170110015 | 0.590 ppm |
| 2017-01-11 | Y170110016 | 0.810 ppm |
| 2017-02-13 | Y170460030 | 0.950 ppm |
| 2017-02-13 | Y170460031 | 0.730 ppm |
| 2017-03-15 | Y170790034 | 0.900 ppm |
| 2017-03-15 | Y170790035 | 0.960 ppm |
| 2017-04-04 | Y170960006 | 0.490 ppm |
| 2017-04-12 | Y171070031 | 0.930 ppm |
| 2017-05-15 | Y171380001 | 0.780 ppm |
| 2017-05-31 | Y171560008 | 0.960 ppm |
| 2017-05-31 | Y171560009 | 0.880 ppm |
| 2017-06-13 | Y171700008 | 0.980 ppm |
| 2017-06-13 | Y171700009 | 0.660 ppm |
| 2017-07-11 | Y171980016 | 0.670 ppm |
| 2017-07-11 | Y171980017 | 0.900 ppm |
| 2017-08-08 | Y172260027 | 0.760 ppm |
| 2017-08-08 | Y172260028 | 0.700 ppm |
| 2017-09-07 | Y172540039 | 0.800 ppm |
| 2017-10-09 | Y172890001 | 0.830 ppm |
| 2017-11-06 | Y173170027 | 0.820 ppm |
| 2017-11-28 | Y173380014 | 0.940 ppm |
| 2017-12-06 | Y173450051 | 0.960 ppm |
| 2017-12-06 | Y173450052 | 0.820 ppm |
| 2018-01-15 | Y180180052 | 1.05 ppm |
| 2018-01-15 | Y180180053 | 0.970 ppm |
| 2018-02-15 | Y180530019 | 1.86 ppm |
| 2018-02-15 | Y180530018 | 1.84 ppm |
| 2018-03-13 | Y180780010 | 0.990 ppm |
| 2018-04-17 | Y181130011 | 0.900 ppm |
| 2018-05-08 | Y181340021 | 0.980 ppm |
| 2018-05-08 | Y181340022 | 0.840 ppm |
| 2018-06-15 | Y181690031 | 1.48 ppm |
| 2018-06-15 | Y181690029 | 1.07 ppm |
| 2018-07-11 | Y181970030 | 0.900 ppm |
| 2018-07-11 | Y181970029 | 0.940 ppm |
| 2018-08-13 | Y182320013 | 0.940 ppm |
| 2018-08-13 | Y182320014 | 1.13 ppm |
| 2018-09-13 | Y182610027 | 0.840 ppm |
| 2018-09-13 | Y182610026 | 0.920 ppm |
| 2018-10-08 | Y182890015 | 0.820 ppm |
| 2018-11-12 | Y183240007 | 0.840 ppm |
| 2018-11-12 | Y183240008 | 0.730 ppm |
| 2018-12-21 | Y183600045 | 0.920 ppm |
| 2018-12-21 | Y183600046 | 1.03 ppm |
| 2019-01-11 | Y190140052 | 0.920 ppm |
| 2019-01-11 | Y190140053 | 0.940 ppm |
| 2019-02-14 | Y190500057 | 0.480 ppm |
| 2019-02-14 | Y190500056 | 0.930 ppm |
| 2019-03-15 | Y190770042 | 0.950 ppm |
| 2019-03-15 | Y190770043 | 0.540 ppm |
| 2019-04-10 | Y191050019 | 0.860 ppm |
| 2019-05-20 | Y191530013 | 0.790 ppm |
| 2019-05-20 | Y191530014 | 0.550 ppm |
| 2019-06-25 | Y191820008 | 2.56 ppm |
| 2019-06-25 | Y191820007 | 1.32 ppm |
| 2019-07-12 | Y191960045 | 0.740 ppm |
| 2019-07-12 | Y191960044 | 0.710 ppm |
| 2019-08-13 | Y192320012 | 0.610 ppm |
| 2019-08-13 | Y192320011 | 0.920 ppm |
| 2019-09-10 | Y192530031 | 0.540 ppm |
| 2019-09-10 | Y192530032 | 0.900 ppm |
| 2019-10-01 | Y192870013 | 0.660 ppm |
| 2019-10-11 | Y192880065 | 0.600 ppm |
| 2019-10-11 | Y192880064 | 0.920 ppm |
| 2019-11-14 | Y193220045 | 0.840 ppm |
| 2019-12-03 | Y193430022 | 0.870 ppm |