Fluoride
Magnolia Waterworks
Fluoride occurs naturally in surface and groundwater and is also added to drinking water by many water systems. Read More.
Fluoride has been promoted as a chemical that reduces dental cavities. Yet it is now well-established that fluoride primarily exerts its protective effects through topical mechanisms, such as sodium fluoride in toothpaste and mouthwash. In contrast, long-term ingestion of fluoride in water increases dental fluorosis, which includes mottling, pitting and weakening of the teeth. EPA's maximum legal limit is set at 4 parts per million (ppm) to prevent skeletal fluorosis, a condition where bones become brittle and more susceptible to fractures, although these effects may occur at lower doses.
Even fluoride levels of 0.7 ppm, the amount of fluoride in drinking water recommended by the U.S. Public Health Service, can result in too much fluoride for bottle-fed babies. EWG recommends that caregivers mix baby formula with fluoride-free water. The National Toxicology Program is investigating the potential for low doses of fluoride to alter thyroid function and childhood brain development.
196
Samples
0
Samples exceeding legal limit (MCL)
0
Samples exceeding
health guidelines
Testing results - average by year
| Year | Average result | Samples taken | Detections | Range of results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | N/A | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| 2014 | 0.733 ppm | 36 | 33 | ND - 1.27 ppm |
| 2015 | 0.734 ppm | 37 | 37 | 0.310 ppm - 1.20 ppm |
| 2016 | 0.597 ppm | 37 | 34 | ND - 1.29 ppm |
| 2017 | 0.528 ppm | 29 | 27 | ND - 0.700 ppm |
| 2018 | 0.652 ppm | 31 | 31 | 0.320 ppm - 1.54 ppm |
| 2019 | 0.972 ppm | 26 | 25 | ND - 1.59 ppm |
ppm = parts per million
State and national drinking water standards and health guidelines
EPA Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL) 4 ppm
ppm = parts per million
All test results
| Date | Lab ID | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 2014-01-06 | 140080027 | ND |
| 2014-02-24 | 140630004 | 0.460 ppm |
| 2014-02-24 | 140630003 | ND |
| 2014-02-24 | 140630002 | ND |
| 2014-04-01 | 140930001 | 0.510 ppm |
| 2014-04-01 | 140930002 | 0.420 ppm |
| 2014-04-21 | 141150004 | 0.800 ppm |
| 2014-04-21 | 141150005 | 1.000 ppm |
| 2014-04-21 | 141150006 | 0.480 ppm |
| 2014-05-19 | 141470004 | 0.440 ppm |
| 2014-05-19 | 141470002 | 0.940 ppm |
| 2014-05-19 | 141470003 | 0.990 ppm |
| 2014-06-16 | 141740014 | 1.000 ppm |
| 2014-06-16 | 141740013 | 0.620 ppm |
| 2014-06-16 | 141740015 | 0.330 ppm |
| 2014-07-14 | 142020002 | 0.480 ppm |
| 2014-07-14 | 142020003 | 0.860 ppm |
| 2014-07-14 | 142020001 | 0.980 ppm |
| 2014-08-12 | 142300023 | 0.490 ppm |
| 2014-08-12 | 142300024 | 0.830 ppm |
| 2014-08-12 | 142300025 | 1.10 ppm |
| 2014-09-09 | Y142540013 | 0.970 ppm |
| 2014-09-10 | Y142540015 | 0.760 ppm |
| 2014-09-10 | Y142540014 | 0.990 ppm |
| 2014-09-16 | 142650014 | 0.700 ppm |
| 2014-09-16 | 142650013 | 1.000 ppm |
| 2014-09-16 | 142650015 | 0.860 ppm |
| 2014-10-20 | Y143000011 | 0.460 ppm |
| 2014-10-20 | Y143000012 | 0.870 ppm |
| 2014-10-20 | Y143000013 | 1.27 ppm |
| 2014-11-18 | Y143290022 | 0.830 ppm |
| 2014-11-18 | Y143290023 | 0.970 ppm |
| 2014-11-18 | Y143290021 | 1.17 ppm |
| 2014-12-16 | Y143520025 | 0.950 ppm |
| 2014-12-16 | Y143520027 | 0.990 ppm |
| 2014-12-16 | Y143520026 | 0.870 ppm |
| 2015-01-05 | Y150080020 | 1.01 ppm |
| 2015-01-20 | Y150260008 | 0.890 ppm |
| 2015-01-20 | Y150260007 | 1.09 ppm |
| 2015-01-20 | Y150260009 | 0.880 ppm |
| 2015-02-18 | Y150610008 | 1.14 ppm |
| 2015-02-18 | Y150610010 | 0.960 ppm |
| 2015-02-18 | Y150610009 | 1.20 ppm |
| 2015-03-16 | Y150820007 | 0.900 ppm |
| 2015-03-16 | Y150820005 | 0.310 ppm |
| 2015-03-16 | Y150820006 | 1.14 ppm |
| 2015-04-21 | Y151140027 | 1.06 ppm |
| 2015-04-21 | Y151140026 | 0.920 ppm |
| 2015-04-21 | Y151140028 | 0.750 ppm |
| 2015-05-26 | Y151490010 | 0.990 ppm |
| 2015-05-26 | Y151490009 | 0.800 ppm |
| 2015-05-26 | Y151490008 | 1.07 ppm |
| 2015-06-22 | Y151740034 | 0.380 ppm |
| 2015-06-22 | Y151740033 | 0.630 ppm |
| 2015-06-22 | Y151740032 | 0.550 ppm |
| 2015-07-21 | Y152080002 | 0.600 ppm |
| 2015-07-21 | Y152080001 | 0.420 ppm |
| 2015-07-21 | Y152080003 | 0.420 ppm |
| 2015-08-24 | Y152430014 | 1.02 ppm |
| 2015-08-24 | Y152430013 | 0.750 ppm |
| 2015-08-24 | Y152430012 | 0.530 ppm |
| 2015-09-21 | Y152710022 | 0.310 ppm |
| 2015-09-21 | Y152710020 | 0.650 ppm |
| 2015-09-21 | Y152710021 | 0.480 ppm |
| 2015-10-21 | Y152990041 | 0.540 ppm |
| 2015-10-21 | Y152990043 | 0.540 ppm |
| 2015-10-21 | Y152990042 | 0.550 ppm |
| 2015-11-16 | Y153270003 | 0.600 ppm |
| 2015-11-16 | Y153270002 | 0.590 ppm |
| 2015-11-16 | Y153270001 | 0.590 ppm |
| 2015-12-17 | Y153570003 | 0.630 ppm |
| 2015-12-17 | Y153570007 | 0.640 ppm |
| 2015-12-17 | Y153570009 | 0.640 ppm |
| 2016-01-05 | Y160070001 | 0.620 ppm |
| 2016-01-27 | Y160320008 | 0.650 ppm |
| 2016-01-28 | Y160320009 | 0.650 ppm |
| 2016-01-28 | Y160320010 | 0.650 ppm |
| 2016-02-17 | Y160530025 | 0.350 ppm |
| 2016-02-17 | Y160530027 | 0.340 ppm |
| 2016-02-18 | Y160530026 | 0.340 ppm |
| 2016-03-21 | Y160880015 | 0.810 ppm |
| 2016-03-21 | Y160880016 | 0.360 ppm |
| 2016-03-21 | Y160880017 | 0.350 ppm |
| 2016-04-20 | Y161160026 | 0.850 ppm |
| 2016-04-20 | Y161160027 | 0.800 ppm |
| 2016-04-20 | Y161160028 | 0.430 ppm |
| 2016-05-17 | Y161440033 | ND |
| 2016-05-17 | Y161440034 | ND |
| 2016-05-17 | Y161440035 | ND |
| 2016-06-22 | Y161870009 | 0.460 ppm |
| 2016-06-22 | Y161870010 | 0.690 ppm |
| 2016-06-22 | Y161870011 | 0.780 ppm |
| 2016-07-25 | Y162210007 | 1.29 ppm |
| 2016-07-25 | Y162210008 | 1.29 ppm |
| 2016-07-25 | Y162210009 | 1.29 ppm |
| 2016-08-29 | Y162510006 | 0.870 ppm |
| 2016-08-29 | Y162510007 | 0.870 ppm |
| 2016-08-29 | Y162510008 | 0.870 ppm |
| 2016-09-26 | Y162780006 | 0.640 ppm |
| 2016-09-26 | Y162780007 | 0.410 ppm |
| 2016-09-26 | Y162780008 | 0.440 ppm |
| 2016-10-24 | Y163020015 | 0.500 ppm |
| 2016-10-24 | Y163020016 | 0.750 ppm |
| 2016-10-24 | Y163020017 | 0.340 ppm |
| 2016-11-28 | Y163340001 | 0.750 ppm |
| 2016-11-28 | Y163340002 | 0.430 ppm |
| 2016-11-28 | Y163340003 | 0.350 ppm |
| 2016-12-19 | Y163560002 | 0.620 ppm |
| 2016-12-19 | Y163560004 | 0.620 ppm |
| 2016-12-19 | Y163560007 | 0.620 ppm |
| 2017-01-03 | Y170050001 | 0.390 ppm |
| 2017-01-30 | Y170310001 | 0.610 ppm |
| 2017-01-30 | Y170310002 | 0.380 ppm |
| 2017-01-30 | Y170310003 | 0.420 ppm |
| 2017-02-14 | Y170480003 | 0.650 ppm |
| 2017-02-14 | Y170480004 | 0.650 ppm |
| 2017-02-14 | Y170480005 | 0.670 ppm |
| 2017-03-15 | Y170790024 | 0.700 ppm |
| 2017-03-15 | Y170790025 | 0.700 ppm |
| 2017-03-15 | Y170790026 | 0.700 ppm |
| 2017-04-04 | Y170960003 | 0.320 ppm |
| 2017-04-04 | Y170960004 | 0.660 ppm |
| 2017-04-17 | Y171090001 | 0.630 ppm |
| 2017-05-17 | Y171420025 | 0.660 ppm |
| 2017-05-17 | Y171420026 | 0.660 ppm |
| 2017-05-17 | Y171420027 | 0.660 ppm |
| 2017-06-28 | Y171840112 | 0.530 ppm |
| 2017-06-28 | Y171840113 | 0.530 ppm |
| 2017-06-28 | Y171840114 | 0.530 ppm |
| 2017-07-19 | Y172050045 | 0.620 ppm |
| 2017-07-19 | Y172050046 | 0.620 ppm |
| 2017-07-19 | Y172050047 | 0.620 ppm |
| 2017-08-15 | Y172290001 | 0.580 ppm |
| 2017-08-22 | Y172400016 | 0.270 ppm |
| 2017-08-22 | Y172400017 | 0.270 ppm |
| 2017-08-22 | Y172400018 | 0.590 ppm |
| 2017-11-20 | Y173310004 | 0.690 ppm |
| 2017-11-20 | Y173310005 | ND |
| 2017-11-20 | Y173310006 | ND |
| 2018-01-30 | Y180360008 | 0.390 ppm |
| 2018-01-30 | Y180360007 | 0.320 ppm |
| 2018-01-30 | Y180360006 | 0.580 ppm |
| 2018-04-16 | Y181070041 | 0.350 ppm |
| 2018-04-16 | Y181070040 | 0.640 ppm |
| 2018-04-16 | Y181070042 | 0.400 ppm |
| 2018-05-21 | Y181490005 | 0.440 ppm |
| 2018-05-21 | Y181490006 | 0.420 ppm |
| 2018-05-21 | Y181490004 | 0.320 ppm |
| 2018-06-19 | Y181760068 | 0.430 ppm |
| 2018-06-19 | Y181760070 | 0.450 ppm |
| 2018-06-19 | Y181760069 | 0.440 ppm |
| 2018-07-16 | Y182050006 | 0.740 ppm |
| 2018-07-16 | Y182050008 | 0.640 ppm |
| 2018-07-16 | Y182050007 | 0.330 ppm |
| 2018-08-21 | Y182400018 | 0.490 ppm |
| 2018-08-21 | Y182400019 | 0.490 ppm |
| 2018-08-21 | Y182400017 | 0.470 ppm |
| 2018-08-28 | Y182420001 | 0.970 ppm |
| 2018-09-20 | Y182670026 | 0.550 ppm |
| 2018-09-20 | Y182670027 | 0.580 ppm |
| 2018-09-20 | Y182670028 | 0.580 ppm |
| 2018-10-22 | Y183020003 | 1.06 ppm |
| 2018-10-22 | Y183020005 | 1.06 ppm |
| 2018-10-22 | Y183020004 | 1.06 ppm |
| 2018-11-19 | Y183300004 | 1.000 ppm |
| 2018-11-19 | Y183300003 | 1.000 ppm |
| 2018-11-19 | Y183300002 | 0.730 ppm |
| 2018-12-17 | Y183600006 | 0.700 ppm |
| 2018-12-17 | Y183600004 | 1.54 ppm |
| 2018-12-17 | Y183600005 | 1.04 ppm |
| 2019-01-28 | Y190350006 | 1.27 ppm |
| 2019-01-28 | Y190350005 | 0.890 ppm |
| 2019-01-28 | Y190350004 | 1.01 ppm |
| 2019-02-19 | Y190560012 | 0.760 ppm |
| 2019-02-19 | Y190560014 | 0.770 ppm |
| 2019-02-19 | Y190560013 | 0.770 ppm |
| 2019-03-28 | Y190910015 | 1.59 ppm |
| 2019-04-15 | Y191120015 | 1.02 ppm |
| 2019-04-15 | Y191120013 | 1.01 ppm |
| 2019-04-15 | Y191120014 | 0.990 ppm |
| 2019-05-20 | Y191530006 | 1.06 ppm |
| 2019-05-20 | Y191530008 | 1.07 ppm |
| 2019-05-20 | Y191530007 | 1.04 ppm |
| 2019-06-24 | Y191820025 | 0.980 ppm |
| 2019-06-24 | Y191820026 | 0.980 ppm |
| 2019-06-24 | Y191820024 | 0.970 ppm |
| 2019-07-30 | Y192170010 | 0.930 ppm |
| 2019-07-30 | Y192170009 | 1.27 ppm |
| 2019-07-30 | Y192170008 | 1.24 ppm |
| 2019-08-20 | Y192380016 | 0.670 ppm |
| 2019-08-20 | Y192380017 | 0.960 ppm |
| 2019-08-20 | Y192380015 | 0.710 ppm |
| 2019-09-11 | Y192550012 | ND |
| 2019-10-22 | Y193010016 | 1.11 ppm |
| 2019-10-22 | Y193010014 | 0.900 ppm |
| 2019-10-22 | Y193010015 | 1.29 ppm |