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CITRUS LIMON (LEMON) PEEL OIL
Score:
Data: Limited
- Other Concerns
- Functions
- About the Chemical
- Synonyms
-
Use restrictions (moderate), Persistence and bioaccumulation (moderate), Non-reproductive organ system toxicity (low), Ecotoxicology (low), and Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) (high)
Cancer 
Cancer: Ingredients linked to cancer in government, industry or academic studies or assessments.
Developmental & Reproductive Toxicity
Developmental and reproductive toxicity: Ingredients linked to developmental and reproductive toxicity, a broad class of health effects that range from infertility and reproductive organ cancers to birth defects and developmental delays in children.
Allergies & Immunotoxicity
Allergies and immunotoxicity: Ingredients linked to harm to the immune system, a class of health problems that manifest as allergic reactions or an impaired capacity to fight disease and repair damaged tissue in the body.
Products with this Ingredient
| moisturizer | 62 products |
| body wash/cleanser | 47 products |
| shampoo | 43 products |
| facial moisturizer/treatment | 41 products |
| facial cleanser | 36 products |
| conditioner | 34 products |
| liquid hand soap | 34 products |
| exfoliant/scrub | 25 products |
| moisturizer with SPF | 23 products |
| antiperspirant/deodorant | 22 products |
| serums & essences | 21 products |
| lipstick | 18 products |
| hair treatment/serum | 17 products |
| bath oil/salts/soak | 17 products |
| mask | 17 products |
| lip balm | 16 products |
| bar soap | 15 products |
| toners/astringents | 14 products |
| hand sanitizer | 13 products |
| body oil | 12 products |
| CC cream | 11 products |
| beach & sport sunscreen | 11 products |
| toothpaste | 11 products |
| hand cream | 10 products |
| lip gloss | 10 products |
| styling gel/lotion | 7 products |
| lip balm with SPF | 7 products |
| shaving cream | 7 products |
| fragrance for women | 7 products |
| mouthwash | 6 products |
| body spray | 6 products |
| beard oil | 5 products |
| other men's products | 5 products |
| makeup remover | 5 products |
| hair styling aide | 5 products |
| shaving cream (men's) | 5 products |
| foot moisturizer | 4 products |
| hair spray | 4 products |
| baby shampoo | 3 products |
| after shave | 3 products |
| antiperspirant/deodorant (men's) | 3 products |
| anti-aging | 3 products |
| foot cleansing | 3 products |
| foundation | 3 products |
| body firming lotion | 2 products |
| cuticle treatment | 2 products |
| around-eye cream | 2 products |
| vapor rubs | 2 products |
| baby lotion | 2 products |
| fragrance for men | 2 products |
| baby oil | 2 products |
| tooth whitening | 1 products |
| makeup primer | 1 products |
| oil controller | 1 products |
| foot odor control | 1 products |
| detangler | 1 products |
| bronzer/highlighter | 1 products |
| tanning oil | 1 products |
| bubble bath | 1 products |
| baby soap | 1 products |
| styling mousse/foam | 1 products |
| nail treatment | 1 products |
| body powder | 1 products |
| muscle/joint soreness | 1 products |
| after sun product | 1 products |
Allergies/immunotoxicity
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| The European Commission's Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety reports this substance is an established contact allergen in humans. | EU Cosmetics Directive |
| Fragrance chemical, which is less frequently reported and thus less documented as a consumer allergen. | European Union 2015. Banned and Restricted Fragrances. Appears as: listid: EUFRAG-046; Chemical_Name: Limonene; Synonyms: d-Limonene; |
| Human [[system]] toxicant or allergen - strong evidence | Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2018. Safer Chemical Ingredients List (2018-02-28). Appears as: CAS: 5989-27-5; List Name: d-Limonene; TSCA Chemical Name: CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-, (4R)- |
| May cause sensitization by skin contact | EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes 2015. Classification & Labelling (Skin Deep®). Appears as: listid: 601-029-00-7-61; Chemical_Name: DIPENTENE; Synonyms: limonene; [1] ; (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; d-limonene; [2] ; (S)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; l-limonene; [3] ; trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene; [4] ; (±)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene [5]; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
| May cause sensitization by skin contact, with allergic reaction in skin or lungs | US. National Library of Medicine,. 2015. Haz-Map®. Appears as: listid: HMAP-0695-1; Chemical_Name: d-Limonene; ; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
| REACH registrations this substance may cause an allergic skin reaction. | European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website. Appears as: chemical_names: Lemon, ext.; 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene; 1-methyl-4-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexa-1,4-diene; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl phosphinite; 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylidenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane; (R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene; -; 1-methyl-4-(pro; cas_numbers: 8008-56-8, 68917-33-9, 84929-31-7 |
Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Irritant (eyes, skin, or lungs) | EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes 2015. Classification & Labelling (Skin Deep®). Appears as: listid: 601-029-00-7-61; Chemical_Name: DIPENTENE; Synonyms: limonene; [1] ; (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; d-limonene; [2] ; (S)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; l-limonene; [3] ; trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene; [4] ; (±)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene [5]; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
| REACH registrations this substance causes skin irritation. | European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website. Appears as: chemical_names: Lemon, ext.; 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene; 1-methyl-4-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexa-1,4-diene; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl phosphinite; 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylidenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane; (R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene; -; 1-methyl-4-(pro; cas_numbers: 8008-56-8, 68917-33-9, 84929-31-7 |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Persistent, bioaccumulative toxicant - Oslo-Paris (OSPAR) Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic, chemical of concern | OSPAR Comission 2015. OSPAR PBTs - Substances of Possible Concern. Appears as: listid: PBT-OSPAR-249; Chemical_Name: (4R)-CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-; Synonyms: CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-, (4R)-; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
| This chemical was NOT flagged by CEPA for further attention. Flagged for suspected aquatic toxicity. | Environment Canada 2015. Domestic Substance List. Appears as: listid: ECDSL-05949; Chemical_Name: Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)-; ; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
| This chemical was NOT flagged by CEPA for further attention. Flagged for suspected aquatic toxicity. | Environment Canada 2015. Domestic Substance List. Appears as: listid: ECDSL-05949; Chemical_Name: Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)-; ; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
Use restrictions
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Recommended restricted in cosmetics - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Fragrance subject to restrictions: safe only within recommended use or concentration limitsn) | IFRA_Standard_43html |
| Restricted in cosmetics - labeling requirement for allergens | EU Cosmetics Directive 2015. CosIng. Appears as: listid: COSING-27937; Chemical_Name: d-Limonene (CAS No 5989-27-5); ; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| REACH registrations this substance may be fatal if swallowed and enters airways. | European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website. Appears as: chemical_names: Lemon, ext.; 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene; 1-methyl-4-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexa-1,4-diene; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl phosphinite; 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylidenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane; (R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene; -; 1-methyl-4-(pro; cas_numbers: 8008-56-8, 68917-33-9, 84929-31-7 |
| Classified as not expected to be potentially toxic or harmful | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Developmental/reproductive toxicity
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Developmental toxicity (significant increase in the number of fetuses with skeletal abnormalities, including lumbar ribs, fused ribs, and delayed ossification of several bones in the paws) were observed in the animals administered 2363 mg/kg/day. | 1977 Studies on d-limonene as a gallstone solubilizer (VII) Effects on development of mouse fetuses and offsprings. Oyo Yakuri 13(6), 863-873. |
Ecotoxicology
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Dangerous for the environment | EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes 2015. Classification & Labelling (Skin Deep®). Appears as: listid: 601-029-00-7-61; Chemical_Name: DIPENTENE; Synonyms: limonene; [1] ; (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; d-limonene; [2] ; (S)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; l-limonene; [3] ; trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene; [4] ; (±)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene [5]; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
| This chemical was NOT flagged by CEPA for further attention. Flagged for suspected aquatic toxicity. | Environment Canada 2015. Domestic Substance List. Appears as: listid: ECDSL-05949; Chemical_Name: Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)-; ; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
| REACH registrations this substance is toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. | European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website. Appears as: chemical_names: Lemon, ext.; 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene; 1-methyl-4-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexa-1,4-diene; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl phosphinite; 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylidenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane; (R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene; -; 1-methyl-4-(pro; cas_numbers: 8008-56-8, 68917-33-9, 84929-31-7 |
| Not suspected to be an environmental toxin | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Miscellaneous
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Flammable | EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes 2015. Classification & Labelling (Skin Deep®). Appears as: listid: 601-029-00-7-61; Chemical_Name: DIPENTENE; Synonyms: limonene; [1] ; (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; d-limonene; [2] ; (S)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; l-limonene; [3] ; trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene; [4] ; (±)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene [5]; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
Cancer
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| IARC Group 3 (no cancer link) | IARC 2015. IRAC Carcinogens (Skin Deep®). Appears as: listid: IARC-653; Chemical_Name: d-Limonene; ; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
Multiple, additive exposure sources
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food | FDA Everything Added to Food |
Data Sources
- EU Cosmetics Directive
- European Union 2015. Banned and Restricted Fragrances. Appears as: listid: EUFRAG-046; Chemical_Name: Limonene; Synonyms: d-Limonene;
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2018. Safer Chemical Ingredients List (2018-02-28). Appears as: CAS: 5989-27-5; List Name: d-Limonene; TSCA Chemical Name: CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-, (4R)-
- EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes 2015. Classification & Labelling (Skin Deep®). Appears as: listid: 601-029-00-7-61; Chemical_Name: DIPENTENE; Synonyms: limonene; [1] ; (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; d-limonene; [2] ; (S)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; l-limonene; [3] ; trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene; [4] ; (±)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene [5]; CAS: 5989-27-5
- US. National Library of Medicine,. 2015. Haz-Map®. Appears as: listid: HMAP-0695-1; Chemical_Name: d-Limonene; ; CAS: 5989-27-5
- European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website. Appears as: chemical_names: Lemon, ext.; 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene; 1-methyl-4-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexa-1,4-diene; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl phosphinite; 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylidenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane; (R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene; -; 1-methyl-4-(pro; cas_numbers: 8008-56-8, 68917-33-9, 84929-31-7
- OSPAR Comission 2015. OSPAR PBTs - Substances of Possible Concern. Appears as: listid: PBT-OSPAR-249; Chemical_Name: (4R)-CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-; Synonyms: CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-, (4R)-; CAS: 5989-27-5
- Environment Canada 2015. Domestic Substance List. Appears as: listid: ECDSL-05949; Chemical_Name: Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)-; ; CAS: 5989-27-5
- IFRA_Standard_43html
- EU Cosmetics Directive 2015. CosIng. Appears as: listid: COSING-27937; Chemical_Name: d-Limonene (CAS No 5989-27-5); ; CAS: 5989-27-5
- EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry.
- 1977 Studies on d-limonene as a gallstone solubilizer (VII) Effects on development of mouse fetuses and offsprings. Oyo Yakuri 13(6), 863-873.
- IARC 2015. IRAC Carcinogens (Skin Deep®). Appears as: listid: IARC-653; Chemical_Name: d-Limonene; ; CAS: 5989-27-5
- FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). 2008. EAFUS [Everything Added to Food]: A Food Additive Database. FDA Office of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition.
- This ingredient’s score is higher if used in products that are inhalable (e.g., sprays, powders) because of respiratory concerns.
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