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CITRUS LIMON (LEMON) PEEL OIL
Score:
Data: Limited
- Other Concerns
- Functions
- About the Chemical
- Synonyms
-
Use restrictions (moderate), Persistence and bioaccumulation (moderate), Non-reproductive organ system toxicity (low), Ecotoxicology (low), and Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) (high)
Cancer 
Cancer: Ingredients linked to cancer in government, industry or academic studies or assessments.
Developmental & Reproductive Toxicity
Developmental and reproductive toxicity: Ingredients linked to developmental and reproductive toxicity, a broad class of health effects that range from infertility and reproductive organ cancers to birth defects and developmental delays in children.
Allergies & Immunotoxicity
Allergies and immunotoxicity: Ingredients linked to harm to the immune system, a class of health problems that manifest as allergic reactions or an impaired capacity to fight disease and repair damaged tissue in the body.
Products with this Ingredient
| moisturizer | 59 products |
| shampoo | 53 products |
| facial moisturizer/treatment | 51 products |
| body wash/cleanser | 51 products |
| facial cleanser | 42 products |
| antiperspirant/deodorant | 39 products |
| liquid hand soap | 37 products |
| conditioner | 31 products |
| exfoliant/scrub | 27 products |
| serums & essences | 24 products |
| daily use with SPF | 23 products |
| hair treatment/serum | 21 products |
| mask | 21 products |
| lip balm | 20 products |
| lipstick | 18 products |
| bath oil/salts/soak | 17 products |
| bar soap | 16 products |
| toothpaste | 14 products |
| body oil | 14 products |
| toners/astringents | 14 products |
| hand sanitizer | 14 products |
| mouthwash | 13 products |
| CC cream | 12 products |
| recreational sunscreen | 11 products |
| lip gloss | 10 products |
| hand cream | 10 products |
| hair styling aide | 8 products |
| styling gel/lotion | 8 products |
| lip balm with SPF | 7 products |
| shaving cream | 6 products |
| body spray | 6 products |
| makeup remover | 5 products |
| foundation | 5 products |
| hair spray | 5 products |
| antiperspirant/deodorant (men's) | 5 products |
| body firming lotion | 4 products |
| shaving cream (men's) | 4 products |
| foot moisturizer | 4 products |
| baby shampoo | 4 products |
| concealer | 4 products |
| anti-aging | 4 products |
| fragrance for women | 4 products |
| setting powder/spray | 3 products |
| after sun product | 3 products |
| body powder | 3 products |
| around-eye cream | 3 products |
| bubble bath | 3 products |
| foot cleansing | 3 products |
| beard oil | 3 products |
| after shave | 3 products |
| tooth whitening | 2 products |
| baby lotion | 2 products |
| makeup primer | 2 products |
| fragrance for men | 2 products |
| cuticle treatment | 2 products |
| vapor rubs | 2 products |
| foot odor control | 1 products |
| bronzer/highlighter | 1 products |
| baby soap | 1 products |
| detangler | 1 products |
| nail treatment | 1 products |
| BB cream | 1 products |
| muscle/joint soreness | 1 products |
| styling mousse/foam | 1 products |
| 1 products |
Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Irritant (eyes, skin, or lungs) | EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes 2015. Classification & Labelling (Skin Deep®). Appears as: listid: 601-029-00-7-61; Chemical_Name: DIPENTENE; Synonyms: limonene; [1] ; (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; d-limonene; [2] ; (S)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; l-limonene; [3] ; trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene; [4] ; (±)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene [5]; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
| REACH registrations this substance causes skin irritation. | European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website. Appears as: chemical_names: Lemon, ext.; 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene; 1-methyl-4-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexa-1,4-diene; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl phosphinite; 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylidenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane; (R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene; -; 1-methyl-4-(pro; cas_numbers: 8008-56-8, 68917-33-9, 84929-31-7 |
Allergies/immunotoxicity
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| The European Commission's Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety reports this substance is an established contact allergen in humans. | EU Cosmetics Directive |
| Fragrance chemical, which is less frequently reported and thus less documented as a consumer allergen. | European Union 2015. Banned and Restricted Fragrances. Appears as: listid: EUFRAG-046; Chemical_Name: Limonene; Synonyms: d-Limonene; |
| Human [[system]] toxicant or allergen - strong evidence | Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2018. Safer Chemical Ingredients List (2018-02-28). Appears as: CAS: 5989-27-5; List Name: d-Limonene; TSCA Chemical Name: CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-, (4R)- |
| May cause sensitization by skin contact | EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes 2015. Classification & Labelling (Skin Deep®). Appears as: listid: 601-029-00-7-61; Chemical_Name: DIPENTENE; Synonyms: limonene; [1] ; (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; d-limonene; [2] ; (S)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; l-limonene; [3] ; trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene; [4] ; (±)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene [5]; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
| REACH registrations this substance may cause an allergic skin reaction. | European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website. Appears as: chemical_names: Lemon, ext.; 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene; 1-methyl-4-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexa-1,4-diene; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl phosphinite; 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylidenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane; (R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene; -; 1-methyl-4-(pro; cas_numbers: 8008-56-8, 68917-33-9, 84929-31-7 |
| May cause sensitization by skin contact, with allergic reaction in skin or lungs | US. National Library of Medicine,. 2015. Haz-Map®. Appears as: listid: HMAP-0695-1; Chemical_Name: d-Limonene; ; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
Use restrictions
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Recommended restricted in cosmetics - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Fragrance subject to restrictions: safe only within recommended use or concentration limitsn) | IFRA_Standard_43html |
| Restricted in cosmetics - labeling requirement for allergens | EU Cosmetics Directive 2015. CosIng. Appears as: listid: COSING-27937; Chemical_Name: d-Limonene (CAS No 5989-27-5); ; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Persistent, bioaccumulative toxicant - Oslo-Paris (OSPAR) Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic, chemical of concern | OSPAR Comission 2015. OSPAR PBTs - Substances of Possible Concern. Appears as: listid: PBT-OSPAR-249; Chemical_Name: (4R)-CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-; Synonyms: CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-, (4R)-; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
| This chemical was NOT flagged by CEPA for further attention. Flagged for suspected aquatic toxicity. | Environment Canada 2015. Domestic Substance List. Appears as: listid: ECDSL-05949; Chemical_Name: Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)-; ; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
| This chemical was NOT flagged by CEPA for further attention. Flagged for suspected aquatic toxicity. | Environment Canada 2015. Domestic Substance List. Appears as: listid: ECDSL-05949; Chemical_Name: Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)-; ; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| REACH registrations this substance may be fatal if swallowed and enters airways. | European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website. Appears as: chemical_names: Lemon, ext.; 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene; 1-methyl-4-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexa-1,4-diene; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl phosphinite; 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylidenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane; (R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene; -; 1-methyl-4-(pro; cas_numbers: 8008-56-8, 68917-33-9, 84929-31-7 |
| Classified as not expected to be potentially toxic or harmful | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Developmental/reproductive toxicity
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Developmental toxicity (significant increase in the number of fetuses with skeletal abnormalities, including lumbar ribs, fused ribs, and delayed ossification of several bones in the paws) were observed in the animals administered 2363 mg/kg/day. | 1977 Studies on d-limonene as a gallstone solubilizer (VII) Effects on development of mouse fetuses and offsprings. Oyo Yakuri 13(6), 863-873. |
Ecotoxicology
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Dangerous for the environment | EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes 2015. Classification & Labelling (Skin Deep®). Appears as: listid: 601-029-00-7-61; Chemical_Name: DIPENTENE; Synonyms: limonene; [1] ; (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; d-limonene; [2] ; (S)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; l-limonene; [3] ; trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene; [4] ; (±)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene [5]; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
| REACH registrations this substance is toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. | European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website. Appears as: chemical_names: Lemon, ext.; 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene; 1-methyl-4-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexa-1,4-diene; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl phosphinite; 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylidenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane; (R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene; -; 1-methyl-4-(pro; cas_numbers: 8008-56-8, 68917-33-9, 84929-31-7 |
| This chemical was NOT flagged by CEPA for further attention. Flagged for suspected aquatic toxicity. | Environment Canada 2015. Domestic Substance List. Appears as: listid: ECDSL-05949; Chemical_Name: Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)-; ; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
| Not suspected to be an environmental toxin | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Miscellaneous
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Flammable | EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes 2015. Classification & Labelling (Skin Deep®). Appears as: listid: 601-029-00-7-61; Chemical_Name: DIPENTENE; Synonyms: limonene; [1] ; (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; d-limonene; [2] ; (S)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; l-limonene; [3] ; trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene; [4] ; (±)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene [5]; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
Multiple, additive exposure sources
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food | FDA Everything Added to Food |
Cancer
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| IARC Group 3 (no cancer link) | IARC 2015. IRAC Carcinogens (Skin Deep®). Appears as: listid: IARC-653; Chemical_Name: d-Limonene; ; CAS: 5989-27-5 |
Data Sources
- EU GHS Hazard Labeling Codes 2015. Classification & Labelling (Skin Deep®). Appears as: listid: 601-029-00-7-61; Chemical_Name: DIPENTENE; Synonyms: limonene; [1] ; (R)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; d-limonene; [2] ; (S)-p-mentha-1,8-diene; ; l-limonene; [3] ; trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene; [4] ; (±)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene [5]; CAS: 5989-27-5
- European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website. Appears as: chemical_names: Lemon, ext.; 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene; 1-methyl-4-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexa-1,4-diene; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl phosphinite; 6,6-dimethyl-2-methylidenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane; (R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene; -; 1-methyl-4-(pro; cas_numbers: 8008-56-8, 68917-33-9, 84929-31-7
- EU Cosmetics Directive
- European Union 2015. Banned and Restricted Fragrances. Appears as: listid: EUFRAG-046; Chemical_Name: Limonene; Synonyms: d-Limonene;
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2018. Safer Chemical Ingredients List (2018-02-28). Appears as: CAS: 5989-27-5; List Name: d-Limonene; TSCA Chemical Name: CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-, (4R)-
- US. National Library of Medicine,. 2015. Haz-Map®. Appears as: listid: HMAP-0695-1; Chemical_Name: d-Limonene; ; CAS: 5989-27-5
- IFRA_Standard_43html
- EU Cosmetics Directive 2015. CosIng. Appears as: listid: COSING-27937; Chemical_Name: d-Limonene (CAS No 5989-27-5); ; CAS: 5989-27-5
- OSPAR Comission 2015. OSPAR PBTs - Substances of Possible Concern. Appears as: listid: PBT-OSPAR-249; Chemical_Name: (4R)-CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-; Synonyms: CYCLOHEXENE, 1-METHYL-4-(1-METHYLETHENYL)-, (4R)-; CAS: 5989-27-5
- Environment Canada 2015. Domestic Substance List. Appears as: listid: ECDSL-05949; Chemical_Name: Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)-; ; CAS: 5989-27-5
- EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry.
- 1977 Studies on d-limonene as a gallstone solubilizer (VII) Effects on development of mouse fetuses and offsprings. Oyo Yakuri 13(6), 863-873.
- FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). 2008. EAFUS [Everything Added to Food]: A Food Additive Database. FDA Office of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition.
- IARC 2015. IRAC Carcinogens (Skin Deep®). Appears as: listid: IARC-653; Chemical_Name: d-Limonene; ; CAS: 5989-27-5
- This ingredient’s score is higher if used in products that are inhalable (e.g., sprays, powders) because of respiratory concerns.
- Products with the EWG VERIFIED mark have met use restrictions and warnings based on EWG review of company data.
ABOUT THE SKIN DEEP® RATINGS
EWG provides information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature, to supplement incomplete data available from companies and the government. The ratings below indicate the relative level of concern posed by exposure to the ingredients in this product - not the product itself - compared to other product formulations. The ratings reflect potential health hazards but do not account for the level of exposure or individual susceptibility, factors which determine actual health risks, if any. Learn more | Legal Disclaimer
ABOUT EWG VERIFIED™
Beyond providing Skin Deep® as an educational tool for consumers, EWG offers its EWG VERIFIED™ mark as a quick and easily identifiable way of conveying personal care products that meet EWG's strict health criteria. Before a company can use EWG VERIFIED™ on such products, the company must show that it fully discloses the products' ingredients on their labels or packaging, they do not contain EWG ingredients of concern, and are made with good manufacturing practices, among other criteria. Note that EWG receives licensing fees from all EWG VERIFIED™ member companies that help to support the important work we do. Learn more | Legal Disclaimer
