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d-Limonene
Score:
Data: Limited
- Other Concerns
- Functions
- About the Chemical
- Synonyms
-
Persistence and bioaccumulation (moderate), Ecotoxicology (low), and Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) (high)
Cancer 
Cancer: Ingredients linked to cancer in government, industry or academic studies or assessments.
Developmental & Reproductive Toxicity
Developmental and reproductive toxicity: Ingredients linked to developmental and reproductive toxicity, a broad class of health effects that range from infertility and reproductive organ cancers to birth defects and developmental delays in children.
Allergies & Immunotoxicity
Allergies and immunotoxicity: Ingredients linked to harm to the immune system, a class of health problems that manifest as allergic reactions or an impaired capacity to fight disease and repair damaged tissue in the body.
Products with this Ingredient
| conditioner | 19 products |
| eye shadow | 18 products |
| facial moisturizer/treatment | 16 products |
| hair color and bleaching | 14 products |
| hair treatment/serum | 14 products |
| hair styling aide | 12 products |
| moisturizer | 10 products |
| shampoo | 10 products |
| liquid hand soap | 9 products |
| facial cleanser | 8 products |
| foundation | 8 products |
| bar soap | 8 products |
| mask | 5 products |
| lipstick | 5 products |
| lip balm | 4 products |
| body wash/cleanser | 4 products |
| toners/astringents | 3 products |
| styling gel/lotion | 3 products |
| beard care | 3 products |
| exfoliant/scrub | 3 products |
| around-eye cream | 3 products |
| body firming lotion | 3 products |
| lip balm with SPF | 2 products |
| toothpaste | 2 products |
| serums & essences | 2 products |
| antiperspirant/deodorant | 2 products |
| hair relaxer | 2 products |
| bronzer/highlighter | 2 products |
| detangler | 2 products |
| fragrance for women | 2 products |
| polish remover | 1 products |
| bubble bath | 1 products |
| antiperspirant/deodorant (men's) | 1 products |
| hair spray | 1 products |
| after shave | 1 products |
| body oil | 1 products |
| daily use with SPF | 1 products |
| body spray | 1 products |
| beard cleanser | 1 products |
| mouthwash | 1 products |
| sunless tanning | 1 products |
| foot moisturizer | 1 products |
| fragrance for men | 1 products |
| tooth whitening | 1 products |
Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Classified as any irritant | Open scientific literature |
Allergies/immunotoxicity
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Known human any toxicant or allergen | Open scientific literature |
| Possible human any toxicant or allergen | Open scientific literature |
| Human any toxicant or allergen - strong evidence | Open scientific literature |
| Limited evidence of any toxicity or allergies | Open scientific literature |
| Limited evidence of any toxicity or allergies | Open scientific literature |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife | Open scientific literature |
| Not suspected to be persistent | Open scientific literature |
| Not suspected to be bioaccumulative | Open scientific literature |
Developmental/reproductive toxicity
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| One or more animal studies show any effects at high doses | Open scientific literature |
Ecotoxicology
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | Open scientific literature |
| Suspected to be an environmental toxin | Open scientific literature |
Miscellaneous
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Occupational hazards related to handling | Open scientific literature |
Cancer
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Limited or incomplete evidence of cancer according to safety/hazard data – government assessment cannot classify as human carcinogen due to data gaps | Open scientific literature |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Classified as not expected to be potentially toxic or harmful | Open scientific literature |
Multiple, additive exposure sources
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food | Open scientific literature |
Use restrictions
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Restricted in cosmetics - labeling requirement for allergens | CosIng |
Data Sources
- Open scientific/peer reviewed literature
- European Commission. 2013. Cosing, the European Commission database with information on cosmetic substances and ingredients. Accessed on March 1, 2013 at http://ec.europa.eu/consumers/cosmetics/cosing/ .
ABOUT THE SKIN DEEP® RATINGS
EWG provides information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature, to supplement incomplete data available from companies and the government. The ratings below indicate the relative level of concern posed by exposure to the ingredients in this product - not the product itself - compared to other product formulations. The ratings reflect potential health hazards but do not account for the level of exposure or individual susceptibility, factors which determine actual health risks, if any. Learn more | Legal Disclaimer
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Beyond providing Skin Deep® as an educational tool for consumers, EWG offers its EWG VERIFIED™ mark as a quick and easily identifiable way of conveying personal care products that meet EWG's strict health criteria. Before a company can use EWG VERIFIED™ on such products, the company must show that it fully discloses the products' ingredients on their labels or packaging, they do not contain EWG ingredients of concern, and are made with good manufacturing practices, among other criteria. Note that EWG receives licensing fees from all EWG VERIFIED™ member companies that help to support the important work we do. Learn more | Legal Disclaimer
