EWG Skin Deep® | What is SODIUM HYDROXIDE

HOW WE DETERMINE SCORES Learn more About EWG VERIFIED®

Data: Fair

Sodium Hydroxide

Products with this ingredient are allowed for use in EWG VERIFIED but must meet use restrictions and warnings based on EWG review of company data.
Products with the EWG VERIFIED mark have met use restrictions and warnings based on EWG review of company data.
This ingredient’s score is lower when used as a saponification agent (e.g., soaps and cleansers)

IMAGE SOURCE: PubChem

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Other Concerns

Use restrictions (high), Non-reproductive organ system toxicity (moderate), and Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) (low)

SYNONYMS

● CAUSTIC SODA

● CAUSTIC SODA; SODIUM HYDROXIDE; SODIUM HYDROXIDE

● SODIUM HYDRATE

● SODIUM HYDROXIDE

● SODIUM HYDROXIDE (NA(OH))

● SODIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION

Restricted

Restricted: EWG VERIFIED products cannot contain this ingredient without adequate substantiation

Sodium Hydroxide is a highly caustic and reactive inorganic base.

Common concerns

See how this product scores for common concerns.

LOW

Cancer
LOW

Allergies & Immunotoxicity
LOW

Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity
HIGH

Use Restrictions

Ingredient concerns

CONCERNS
DATA SOURCES

Products with this Ingredient

moisturizer	577 products
shampoo	522 products
facial moisturizer/treatment	513 products
bar soap	388 products
body wash/cleanser	339 products
facial cleanser	332 products
conditioner	275 products
serums & essences	273 products
mask	214 products
exfoliant/scrub	195 products
toothpaste	159 products
hand cream	138 products
hair treatment/serum	121 products
liquid hand soap	118 products
around-eye cream	116 products
toners/astringents	101 products
hair color and bleaching	99 products
foundation	96 products
recreational sunscreen	86 products
daily use with SPF	70 products
mascara	65 products
hair styling aide	64 products
styling gel/lotion	57 products
brow liner	52 products
tooth whitening	51 products
eye liner	51 products
makeup remover	50 products
baby lotion	49 products
makeup primer	49 products
shaving cream	39 products
eye shadow	37 products
anti-aging	31 products
body firming lotion	31 products
after shave	28 products
shaving cream (men's)	28 products
BB cream	28 products
bubble bath	27 products
antiperspirant/deodorant	26 products
baby soap	24 products
after sun product	23 products
baby shampoo	22 products
foot moisturizer	21 products
hand sanitizer	20 products
styling mousse/foam	19 products
concealer	18 products
bronzer/highlighter	17 products
antiperspirant/deodorant (men's)	16 products
bath oil/salts/soak	15 products
setting powder/spray	15 products
skin fading/lightener	12 products
sunless tanning	12 products
body spray	12 products
	12 products
baby wipes	11 products
hair spray	10 products
facial cleansing wipes	10 products
depilatory	9 products
blush	9 products
mouthwash	8 products
detangler	8 products
muscle/joint soreness	8 products
lipstick	8 products
hair-loss treatment	7 products
damaged skin treatment	7 products
foot cleansing	6 products
nail treatment	6 products
oil controller	5 products
body oil	5 products
makeup removing wipes	5 products
beard care	5 products
baby sunscreen	4 products
tanning oil	4 products
hair relaxer	3 products
eye makeup remover	3 products
other eye makeup	3 products
foot odor control	3 products
cuticle treatment	2 products
baby oil	2 products
baby bubble bath	2 products
hair removal waxes	2 products
lip gloss	2 products
glitter	2 products
pore strips	2 products
fragrance for women	1 products
depilatory (men's)	1 products
diaper cream	1 products
lip balm	1 products
vapor rubs	1 products
beard cleanser	1 products
baby toothpaste	1 products
body cleansing wipes	1 products
nail glue	1 products

Use restrictions

CONCERN	REFERENCE
Violation of industry recommendations - Restricted in cosmetics; use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Avoid or minimize skin exposure: recommendation from industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR)	Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments
Restricted in cosmetics (recommendations or requirements) - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - any	CosIng
Determined safe for use in cosmetics, subject to concentration or use limitations - Safe for use in cosmetics with some qualifications	Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments

Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)

CONCERN	REFERENCE
Classified as expected to be toxic or harmful	Environment Canada Domestic Substance List
Classified as medium human health priority	Environment Canada Domestic Substance List

Occupational hazards

CONCERN	REFERENCE
Single case study detailing occupational hazards	National Library of Medicine HazMap

Miscellaneous

CONCERN	REFERENCE
Occupational hazards related to handling	CPS&Q - Classification & Labelling

Ecotoxicology

CONCERN	REFERENCE
Not suspected to be an environmental toxin	Environment Canada Domestic Substance List

Persistence and bioaccumulation

CONCERN	REFERENCE
Not suspected to be bioaccumulative	Environment Canada Domestic Substance List

Informational

CONCERN	REFERENCE
Industry or government recommendations for safe use: restrictions on concentration, impurities, product types, or manufacturing methods - Avoid or minimize skin exposure: recommendation from industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR)	Cosmetic Ingredient Review Assessments

Multiple, additive exposure sources

CONCERN	REFERENCE
Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food	FDA Food Additive Status
Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food	FDA Everything Added to Food

Data gaps

CONCERN	REFERENCE
7043 studies in PubMed science library may include information on the toxicity of this chemical	NLM PubMed

CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review). 2006. CIR Compendium, containing abstracts, discussions, and conclusions of CIR cosmetic ingredient safety assessments. Washington DC.
European Commission. 2013. Cosing, the European Commission database with information on cosmetic substances and ingredients. Accessed on March 1, 2013 at http://ec.europa.eu/consumers/cosmetics/cosing/ .
EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry.
NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2006. HazMap — Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Agents.
CPS&Q (Consumer Products Safety & Quality) formely known as ECB (European Chemicals Bureau). 2008. Classification and Labelling: Chemicals: Annex VI of Directive 67/548/EEC through the 31st ATP.
FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) 2006. Food Additive Status List. Downloaded from http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/%7Edms/opa-appa.html, Oct 16, 2006.
FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). 2008. EAFUS [Everything Added to Food]: A Food Additive Database. FDA Office of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition.
NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2012. PubMed online scientific bibliography data. http://www.pubmed.gov.

Understanding scores

Cosmetics and personal care products are not required to be tested for safety before being allowed on the market. The Skin Deep® scoring system was designed to help the public understand whether a product is safe to use or whether it contains ingredients of concern.

Every product and ingredient in Skin Deep gets a two-part score – one for hazard and one for data availability. The safest products score well by both measures, with a low hazard rating and a fair or better data availability rating.

HOW WE DETERMINE SCORES

Hazard score

The Skin Deep ingredient hazard score, from 1 to 10, reflects known and suspected hazards linked to the ingredients. The EWG VERIFIED^® mark means a product meets EWG’s strictest criteria for transparency and health.

Data availability

The Skin Deep data availability rating reflects the number of scientific studies about the product or ingredient in the published scientific literature.

NONE LIMITED FAIR GOOD ROBUST

Low Availability

Moderate Availability

High Availability