Other Concerns
Enhanced skin absorption, Neurotoxicity (low), Endocrine disruption (moderate), Persistence and bioaccumulation (low), Non-reproductive organ system toxicity (low), and Biochemical or cellular level changes (high)SYNONYMS
Unacceptable
Unacceptable: EWG VERIFIED products cannot contain this ingredient
This common sunscreen ingredient is shown to have hormone-mimicking effects on laboratory animals. This chemical is found in humans, including mothers' milk samples.
Common concerns
See how this product scores for common concerns.
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LOWCancer
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MODERATEAllergies & Immunotoxicity
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MODERATEDevelopmental and Reproductive Toxicity
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LOWUse Restrictions
Ingredient concerns
- CONCERNS
- DATA SOURCES
Products with this Ingredient
foundation | 372 products |
daily use with SPF | 134 products |
fragrance for women | 132 products |
hair spray | 86 products |
shampoo | 68 products |
lipstick | 66 products |
hair styling aide | 60 products |
fragrance for men | 60 products |
lip balm with SPF | 59 products |
hair treatment/serum | 54 products |
conditioner | 52 products |
facial moisturizer/treatment | 37 products |
CC cream | 36 products |
36 products | |
body spray | 34 products |
recreational sunscreen | 28 products |
concealer | 19 products |
makeup primer | 19 products |
BB cream | 18 products |
lip gloss | 18 products |
lip balm | 17 products |
styling gel/lotion | 15 products |
moisturizer | 14 products |
body wash/cleanser | 14 products |
anti-aging | 11 products |
styling mousse/foam | 10 products |
serums & essences | 10 products |
blush | 10 products |
hand cream | 9 products |
bronzer/highlighter | 9 products |
detangler | 7 products |
eye shadow | 7 products |
after shave | 6 products |
mask | 6 products |
hair color and bleaching | 5 products |
facial cleanser | 5 products |
lip plumper | 5 products |
around-eye cream | 5 products |
baby sunscreen | 4 products |
exfoliant/scrub | 4 products |
hand sanitizer | 3 products |
mascara | 2 products |
eye liner | 2 products |
body oil | 2 products |
skin fading/lightener | 1 products |
toners/astringents | 1 products |
after sun product | 1 products |
setting powder/spray | 1 products |
beard care | 1 products |
glitter | 1 products |
Enhanced skin absorption
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
---|---|
Penetration enhancer | Open scientific literature |
Absorbs into the skin | Open scientific literature |
Biochemical or cellular level changes
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
---|---|
Produces excess reactive oxygen species that can interfere with cellular signaling, cause mutations, lead to cell death and may be implicated in cardiovascular disease. | Open scientific literature |
Does not produces excess reactive oxygen species or other harmful biochemical changes. | Open scientific literature |
Endocrine disruption
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
---|---|
Human endocrine disruptor - strong evidence | European Commission on Endocrine Disruption |
One or more studies show significant wildlife and the environment disruption | European Commission on Endocrine Disruption |
One or more studies show moderate endocrine disruption | Open scientific literature |
One or more studies show weak endocrine disruption | Open scientific literature |
Associated with endocrine disruption | Open scientific literature |
Developmental/reproductive toxicity
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
---|---|
One or more animal studies show any effects at very low doses | Open scientific literature |
One or more animal studies show any effects at low doses | Open scientific literature |
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at moderate doses | Open scientific literature |
One or more animal studies show reproductive effects at high doses | Open scientific literature |
Allergies/immunotoxicity
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
---|---|
One or more human case studies show significant any or allergenic effects | Open scientific literature |
One or more human case studies show possible photoallergic or allergenic effects | Open scientific literature |
One or more human case studies show equivocal any or allergenic effects | Open scientific literature |
Associated with immunotoxicity or allergies | Open scientific literature |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
---|---|
Ingredient is suspected or measured to accumulate in people | Open scientific literature |
Not suspected to be bioaccumulative | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Not suspected to be persistent | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Neurotoxicity
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
---|---|
One or more animal studies show any effects at high doses | Open scientific literature |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
---|---|
One or more animal studies show liver effects at high doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | Open scientific literature |
Classified as not expected to be potentially toxic or harmful | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Ecotoxicology
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
---|---|
Wildlife and environmental toxicity | Open scientific literature |
Not suspected to be an environmental toxin | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Data gaps
CONCERN | REFERENCE |
---|---|
799 studies in PubMed science library may include information on the toxicity of this chemical | NLM PubMed |
- Open scientific/peer reviewed literature
- EU (European Union)- Strategy for Endocrine Disrupters 2007. Commision on endocrin disruption requested by the European Parliament in 1998.
- EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry.
- NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2012. PubMed online scientific bibliography data. http://www.pubmed.gov.
Understanding scores
Cosmetics and personal care products are not required to be tested for safety before being allowed on the market. The Skin Deep® scoring system was designed to help the public understand whether a product is safe to use or whether it contains ingredients of concern.
Every product and ingredient in Skin Deep gets a two-part score – one for hazard and one for data availability. The safest products score well by both measures, with a low hazard rating and a fair or better data availability rating.
HOW WE DETERMINE SCORESHazard score
The Skin Deep ingredient hazard score, from 1 to 10, reflects known and suspected hazards linked to the ingredients. The EWG VERIFIED® mark means a product meets EWG’s strictest criteria for transparency and health.
Data availability
The Skin Deep data availability rating reflects the number of scientific studies about the product or ingredient in the published scientific literature.