D&C Violet No. 2 (CI 60725)
- Other Concerns
- Functions
- About the Chemical
- Synonyms
-
Use restrictions (high), Endocrine disruption (low), Non-reproductive organ system toxicity (moderate), and Ecotoxicology (low)
Cancer 

Cancer: Ingredients linked to cancer in government, industry or academic studies or assessments.
Developmental & Reproductive Toxicity 

Developmental and reproductive toxicity: Ingredients linked to developmental and reproductive toxicity, a broad class of health effects that range from infertility and reproductive organ cancers to birth defects and developmental delays in children.
Allergies & Immunotoxicity 

Allergies and immunotoxicity: Ingredients linked to harm to the immune system, a class of health problems that manifest as allergic reactions or an impaired capacity to fight disease and repair damaged tissue in the body.
Products with this Ingredient
nail polish | 134 products |
liquid hand soap | 3 products |
3 products | |
hair styling aide | 3 products |
body wash/cleanser | 2 products |
shampoo | 2 products |
mask | 2 products |
bath oil/salts/soak | 2 products |
serums & essences | 2 products |
bar soap | 1 products |
hair treatment/serum | 1 products |
moisturizer with SPF | 1 products |
foot cleansing | 1 products |
nail treatment | 1 products |
conditioner | 1 products |
facial cleanser | 1 products |
moisturizer | 1 products |
exfoliant/scrub | 1 products |
baby bubble bath | 1 products |
hand sanitizer | 1 products |
Use restrictions
Concern | Reference |
---|---|
Violation of government restrictions - Restricted in cosmetics; use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Color additive approved by FDA for use in cosmetics: external use only | FDA Color Additive Status |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
Concern | Reference |
---|---|
Classified as expected to be toxic or harmful | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Cancer
Concern | Reference |
---|---|
Cancer - limited evidence | Silent Spring's Mammary Carcinogens Reviews Database |
Allergies/immunotoxicity
Concern | Reference |
---|---|
May cause an allergic skin reaction. | European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website. Appears as: chemical_names: 1-hydroxy-4-(p-toluidino)anthraquinone; 1-hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-dione; -; 1-Hydroxy-4-(p-toluidino)anthraquinone; 1-Hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-anthraquinone; 1-hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-; cas_numbers: 81-48-1 |
A peer-reviewed study reports this substance induced hypersensitivity in animal testing. | Seishiro Fujii 2003. Evaluation of hypersensitivity to anthraquinone-related substances. Toxicology 193(3), 261-7. |
Ecotoxicology
Concern | Reference |
---|---|
Suspected to be an environmental toxin and be persistent or bioaccumulative | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Suspected to be an environmental toxin | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life. | European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website. Appears as: chemical_names: 1-hydroxy-4-(p-toluidino)anthraquinone; 1-hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-dione; -; 1-Hydroxy-4-(p-toluidino)anthraquinone; 1-Hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-anthraquinone; 1-hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-; cas_numbers: 81-48-1 |
Endocrine disruption
Concern | Reference |
---|---|
Evidence of endocrine activity from cellular assays and modeling. | National Toxicology Program (NTP) 2020. EWG Toxcast Analysis. Appears as: CAS: 81-48-1; |
Data gaps
Concern | Reference |
---|---|
94 studies in PubMed science library may include information on the toxicity of this chemical | NLM PubMed |
Informational
Concern | Reference |
---|---|
Industry or government recommendations for safe use: restrictions on concentration, impurities, product types, or manufacturing methods - Color additive approved by FDA for use in cosmetics: external use only | FDA Color Additive Status |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
Concern | Reference |
---|---|
Not suspected to be persistent | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Data Sources
- FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) 2006. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Color Additive Status List. September 2006.
- EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry.
- Rudel RA, KR Attfield, JN Schifano and JG Brody. Chemicals Causing Mammary Gland Tumors in Animals Signal New Directions for Epidemiology, Chemicals Testing, and Risk Assessment for Breast Cancer Prevention. CANCER Supplement. 2007 Jun 15;109(12):2635-2666.
- European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website. Appears as: chemical_names: 1-hydroxy-4-(p-toluidino)anthraquinone; 1-hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-dione; -; 1-Hydroxy-4-(p-toluidino)anthraquinone; 1-Hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-anthraquinone; 1-hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-; cas_numbers: 81-48-1
- Seishiro Fujii 2003. Evaluation of hypersensitivity to anthraquinone-related substances. Toxicology 193(3), 261-7.
- National Toxicology Program (NTP) 2020. EWG Toxcast Analysis. Appears as: CAS: 81-48-1;
- NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2012. PubMed online scientific bibliography data. http://www.pubmed.gov.
- This ingredient’s score is higher if used in products intended for damaged skin due to increased risk of absorption.
- This ingredient’s score is higher if used in products intended for use around mouth due to increased risk of ingestion and absorption.
- This ingredient’s score is higher if used in products intended for use on lips due to increased risk of ingestion and absorption.
- This ingredient’s score is higher if used in products intended for use around the eyes due to increased risk of absorption.
ABOUT THE SKIN DEEP® RATINGS
EWG provides information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature, to supplement incomplete data available from companies and the government. The ratings below indicate the relative level of concern posed by exposure to the ingredients in this product - not the product itself - compared to other product formulations. The ratings reflect potential health hazards but do not account for the level of exposure or individual susceptibility, factors which determine actual health risks, if any. Learn more | Legal Disclaimer
ABOUT EWG VERIFIED™
Beyond providing Skin Deep® as an educational tool for consumers, EWG offers its EWG VERIFIED™ mark as a quick and easily identifiable way of conveying personal care products that meet EWG's strict health criteria. Before a company can use EWG VERIFIED™ on such products, the company must show that it fully discloses the products' ingredients on their labels or packaging, they do not contain EWG ingredients of concern, and are made with good manufacturing practices, among other criteria. Note that EWG receives licensing fees from all EWG VERIFIED™ member companies that help to support the important work we do. Learn more | Legal Disclaimer