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D&C Violet No. 2 (CI 60725)
Score:
Data: Fair
- Other Concerns
- Functions
- About the Chemical
- Synonyms
-
Use restrictions (high), Endocrine disruption (low), Non-reproductive organ system toxicity (moderate), and Ecotoxicology (low)
Cancer 
Cancer: Ingredients linked to cancer in government, industry or academic studies or assessments.
Developmental & Reproductive Toxicity
Developmental and reproductive toxicity: Ingredients linked to developmental and reproductive toxicity, a broad class of health effects that range from infertility and reproductive organ cancers to birth defects and developmental delays in children.
Allergies & Immunotoxicity
Allergies and immunotoxicity: Ingredients linked to harm to the immune system, a class of health problems that manifest as allergic reactions or an impaired capacity to fight disease and repair damaged tissue in the body.
Products with this Ingredient
| nail polish | 105 products |
| liquid hand soap | 3 products |
| mask | 2 products |
| bath oil/salts/soak | 2 products |
| hair styling aide | 2 products |
| body wash/cleanser | 2 products |
| exfoliant/scrub | 1 products |
| serums & essences | 1 products |
| nail treatment | 1 products |
| conditioner | 1 products |
| shampoo | 1 products |
| facial cleanser | 1 products |
| hair treatment/serum | 1 products |
| moisturizer with SPF | 1 products |
| foot cleansing | 1 products |
| baby bubble bath | 1 products |
| styling gel/lotion | 1 products |
| bar soap | 1 products |
Use restrictions
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Violation of government restrictions - Restricted in cosmetics; use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Color additive approved by FDA for use in cosmetics: external use only | FDA Color Additive Status |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Classified as expected to be toxic or harmful | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Cancer
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Cancer - limited evidence | Silent Spring's Mammary Carcinogens Reviews Database |
Allergies/immunotoxicity
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| May cause an allergic skin reaction. | European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website. Appears as: chemical_names: 1-hydroxy-4-(p-toluidino)anthraquinone; 1-hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-dione; -; 1-Hydroxy-4-(p-toluidino)anthraquinone; 1-Hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-anthraquinone; 1-hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-; cas_numbers: 81-48-1 |
| A peer-reviewed study reports this substance induced hypersensitivity in animal testing. | Seishiro Fujii 2003. Evaluation of hypersensitivity to anthraquinone-related substances. Toxicology 193(3), 261-7. |
Ecotoxicology
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Suspected to be an environmental toxin and be persistent or bioaccumulative | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| Suspected to be an environmental toxin | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life. | European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website. Appears as: chemical_names: 1-hydroxy-4-(p-toluidino)anthraquinone; 1-hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-dione; -; 1-Hydroxy-4-(p-toluidino)anthraquinone; 1-Hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-anthraquinone; 1-hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-; cas_numbers: 81-48-1 |
Endocrine disruption
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Evidence of endocrine activity from cellular assays and modeling. | National Toxicology Program (NTP) 2020. EWG Toxcast Analysis. Appears as: CAS: 81-48-1; |
Data gaps
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| 94 studies in PubMed science library may include information on the toxicity of this chemical | NLM PubMed |
Informational
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Industry or government recommendations for safe use: restrictions on concentration, impurities, product types, or manufacturing methods - Color additive approved by FDA for use in cosmetics: external use only | FDA Color Additive Status |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Not suspected to be persistent | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Data Sources
- FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) 2006. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Color Additive Status List. September 2006.
- EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry.
- Rudel RA, KR Attfield, JN Schifano and JG Brody. Chemicals Causing Mammary Gland Tumors in Animals Signal New Directions for Epidemiology, Chemicals Testing, and Risk Assessment for Breast Cancer Prevention. CANCER Supplement. 2007 Jun 15;109(12):2635-2666.
- European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website. Appears as: chemical_names: 1-hydroxy-4-(p-toluidino)anthraquinone; 1-hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-dihydroanthracene-9,10-dione; -; 1-Hydroxy-4-(p-toluidino)anthraquinone; 1-Hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-anthraquinone; 1-hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-9,10-; cas_numbers: 81-48-1
- Seishiro Fujii 2003. Evaluation of hypersensitivity to anthraquinone-related substances. Toxicology 193(3), 261-7.
- National Toxicology Program (NTP) 2020. EWG Toxcast Analysis. Appears as: CAS: 81-48-1;
- NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2012. PubMed online scientific bibliography data. http://www.pubmed.gov.
- This ingredient’s score is higher if used in products intended for damaged skin due to increased risk of absorption.
- This ingredient’s score is higher if used in products intended for use around mouth due to increased risk of ingestion and absorption.
- This ingredient’s score is higher if used in products intended for use on lips due to increased risk of ingestion and absorption.
- This ingredient’s score is higher if used in products intended for use around the eyes due to increased risk of absorption.
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