Menu
CI 45410 (D&C Red No. 27 or 28) Lake
Score:
Data: Limited
- Other Concerns
- Functions
- About the Chemical
- Synonyms
-
Use restrictions (high), Endocrine disruption (low), Persistence and bioaccumulation (moderate), Non-reproductive organ system toxicity (moderate), Ecotoxicology (low), and Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) (low)
Cancer 
Cancer: Ingredients linked to cancer in government, industry or academic studies or assessments.
Developmental & Reproductive Toxicity
Developmental and reproductive toxicity: Ingredients linked to developmental and reproductive toxicity, a broad class of health effects that range from infertility and reproductive organ cancers to birth defects and developmental delays in children.
Allergies & Immunotoxicity
Allergies and immunotoxicity: Ingredients linked to harm to the immune system, a class of health problems that manifest as allergic reactions or an impaired capacity to fight disease and repair damaged tissue in the body.
Products with this Ingredient
| lipstick | 1586 products |
| lip gloss | 260 products |
| lip liner | 142 products |
| lip balm | 93 products |
| blush | 92 products |
| bronzer/highlighter | 25 products |
| foundation | 21 products |
| lip balm with SPF | 20 products |
| facial powder | 16 products |
| eye shadow | 14 products |
| glitter | 11 products |
| makeup primer | 9 products |
| eye liner | 7 products |
| lip plumper | 6 products |
| 5 products | |
| nail polish | 4 products |
| hair color and bleaching | 4 products |
| bath oil/salts/soak | 2 products |
| mask | 1 products |
| body oil | 1 products |
| fragrance for men | 1 products |
Use restrictions
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Violation of government restrictions - Restricted in cosmetics; use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Color additive not approved by FDA for cosmetics used around eyes | FDA Color Additive Status |
| Color additive not approved by FDA for cosmetics used around eyes | US. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2015. Color Additive Status. Appears as: listid: COLOR-121; Chemical_Name: D&C Red 28; ; |
| Determined safe for use in cosmetics, subject to concentration or use limitations - any | FDA Color Additive Status |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Suspected persistent, bioaccumulative toxicant - Environment Canada, July 2006 chemical inventory review | Environment Canada 2015. Canada PBTs - Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET). Appears as: listid: PBT-CANADA-477; Chemical_Name: BENZOIC ACID, 2,3,4,5TETRACHLORO6(2,4,5,7TETRABROMO6HYDROXY3OXO3HXANTHEN9YL); ; CAS: 2134-15-8 |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| This chemical was flagged for further attention by CEPA due to suspected aquatic toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation. | Environment Canada 2015. Domestic Substance List. Appears as: listid: ECDSL-04548; Chemical_Name: Benzoic acid, 2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-6-(2, 4,5,7-tetrabromo-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl) -; ; CAS: 2134-15-8 |
| Limited evidence of any toxicity | Klaassen, C, M. Amdur and J. Doull (eds.). Casarett and Doull |
| Classified as not expected to be potentially toxic or harmful | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Limited evidence of eye irritation | European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website. |
| Irritating to the rabbit eye. | Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) 2012. Opinion on Acid Red 92. |
Cancer
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Increased incidence of pituitary tumors in mice. Mutagenicity observed in a bacerial cell assay but not mammalian tests (in vitro or in vivo). | Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) 2012. Opinion on Acid Red 92. |
Developmental/reproductive toxicity
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Limited evidence of teratogenicity in dietary exposure studies in mice. | Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) 2012. Opinion on Acid Red 92. |
Ecotoxicology
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| This chemical was flagged for further attention by CEPA due to suspected aquatic toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation. | Environment Canada 2015. Domestic Substance List. Appears as: listid: ECDSL-04548; Chemical_Name: Benzoic acid, 2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-6-(2, 4,5,7-tetrabromo-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl) -; ; CAS: 2134-15-8 |
| This chemical was flagged for further attention by CEPA due to suspected aquatic toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation. | Environment Canada 2015. Domestic Substance List. Appears as: listid: ECDSL-04548; Chemical_Name: Benzoic acid, 2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-6-(2, 4,5,7-tetrabromo-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl) -; ; CAS: 2134-15-8 |
| Suspected to be an environmental toxin and be persistent or bioaccumulative (uncertainty in environmental toxicity or persistence/bioaccumulation) | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| REACH registrations indicate this substance is toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. | European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website. Appears as: chemical_names: 3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-2-(1,4,5,8-tetrabromo-6-hydroxy-3-oxoxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid; -; 2 |
| Uncertain environmental toxin and uncertain persistent or bioaccumulative | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Endocrine disruption
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Modeling suggests this substance may interact with the androgen receptor. | National Toxicology Program (NTP) 2020. EWG Toxcast Analysis. Appears as: CAS: 13473-26-2; Chemical_Name: AKA218 |
Data gaps
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| 0 studies in PubMed science library may include information on the toxicity of this chemical | NLM PubMed |
Informational
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Industry or government recommendations for safe use: restrictions on concentration, impurities, product types, or manufacturing methods - Color additive approved by FDA for use in cosmetics | FDA Color Additive Status |
| Industry or government recommendations for safe use: restrictions on concentration, impurities, product types, or manufacturing methods - Color Additives Lakes - Batch Certified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration | CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook |
| Color additive approved by FDA for use in cosmetics | US. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2015. Color Additive Status. Appears as: listid: COLOR-120; Chemical_Name: D&C Red 27; ; |
Data Sources
- FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) 2006. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Color Additive Status List. September 2006.
- US. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2015. Color Additive Status. Appears as: listid: COLOR-121; Chemical_Name: D&C Red 28; ;
- Environment Canada 2015. Canada PBTs - Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET). Appears as: listid: PBT-CANADA-477; Chemical_Name: BENZOIC ACID, 2,3,4,5TETRACHLORO6(2,4,5,7TETRABROMO6HYDROXY3OXO3HXANTHEN9YL); ; CAS: 2134-15-8
- Environment Canada 2015. Domestic Substance List. Appears as: listid: ECDSL-04548; Chemical_Name: Benzoic acid, 2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-6-(2, 4,5,7-tetrabromo-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl) -; ; CAS: 2134-15-8
- Klaassen, C, M. Amdur and J. Doull (eds.). Casarett and Doull
- EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry.
- European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website.
- Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) 2012. Opinion on Acid Red 92.
- European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website. Appears as: chemical_names: 3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-2-(1,4,5,8-tetrabromo-6-hydroxy-3-oxoxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid; -; 2
- National Toxicology Program (NTP) 2020. EWG Toxcast Analysis. Appears as: CAS: 13473-26-2; Chemical_Name: AKA218
- NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2012. PubMed online scientific bibliography data. http://www.pubmed.gov.
- CTFA (Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association). 2006. International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 11th Edition. Color Additive Information. Washington, DC.
- US. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2015. Color Additive Status. Appears as: listid: COLOR-120; Chemical_Name: D&C Red 27; ;
ABOUT THE SKIN DEEP® RATINGS
EWG provides information on personal care product ingredients from the published scientific literature, to supplement incomplete data available from companies and the government. The ratings below indicate the relative level of concern posed by exposure to the ingredients in this product - not the product itself - compared to other product formulations. The ratings reflect potential health hazards but do not account for the level of exposure or individual susceptibility, factors which determine actual health risks, if any. Learn more | Legal Disclaimer
ABOUT EWG VERIFIED™
Beyond providing Skin Deep® as an educational tool for consumers, EWG offers its EWG VERIFIED™ mark as a quick and easily identifiable way of conveying personal care products that meet EWG's strict health criteria. Before a company can use EWG VERIFIED™ on such products, the company must show that it fully discloses the products' ingredients on their labels or packaging, they do not contain EWG ingredients of concern, and are made with good manufacturing practices, among other criteria. Note that EWG receives licensing fees from all EWG VERIFIED™ member companies that help to support the important work we do. Learn more | Legal Disclaimer
