EWG Skin Deep® | What is CI 45410 (D&C Red No. 27 or 28) Lake

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Data: Limited

Ci 45410 (D&C Red No. 27 Or 28) Lake

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Other Concerns

Use restrictions (high), Endocrine disruption (low), Persistence and bioaccumulation (moderate), Non-reproductive organ system toxicity (moderate), Ecotoxicology (low), and Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) (low)

SYNONYMS

● 2',4',5',7'-TETRABROMO-4,5,6,7-TETRACHLORO-3',6'-DIHYDROXYSPIRO[ISOBENZOFURAN-1(3H), 9'-[9H]XANTHEN]-3-ONE

● 9'-[9H]XANTHEN]-3-ONE 2',4',5',7'-TETRABROMO-4,5,6,7-TETRACHLORO-3',6'-DIHYDROXYSPIRO[ISOBENZOFURAN-1(3H)

● CI 45410

● CI 45410 (D&C RED NO. 27 OR 28) LAKE

● D&C RED 27 AL LAKE

● D&C RED 27 ALUMINUM LAKE

● D&C RED 27 ALUMINUM/TITANIUM/ZIRCONIUM LAKE

● D&C RED 27 BA LAKE

● D&C RED 27 BARIUM LAKE

● D&C RED 27 CA LAKE

● D&C RED 27 CALCIUM LAKE

● D&C RED 27 LAKE

● D&C RED 27 ZR LAKE

● D&C RED 28 AL LAKE

● D&C RED 28 ALUMINUM LAKE

● D&C RED 28 LAKE

● D&C RED NO. 27 AL LAKE

● D&C RED NO. 27 ALUMINUM LAKE

● D&C RED NO. 27 ALUMINUM/TITANIUM/ZIRCONIUM LAKE

● D&C RED NO. 27 BA LAKE

● D&C RED NO. 27 BARIUM LAKE

● D&C RED NO. 27 CA LAKE

● D&C RED NO. 27 CALCIUM LAKE

● D&C RED NO. 27 ZIRCONIUM LAKE

● D&C RED NO. 27 ZR LAKE

● D&C RED NO. 28 AL LAKE

● D&C RED NO. 28 ALUMINUM LAKE

● DC RED #27-TITANIUM/ALUMINUM/ZIRCONIUM LAKE

● FD&C RED 27 ALUMINUM LAKE

● RED 218

● RED 27 LAKE

● RED 28 LAKE

● RED NO. 218

Unacceptable

Unacceptable: EWG VERIFIED products cannot contain this ingredient

In industrial production of colorants, the term 'lake' is applied to pigments or dyes that are precipitated with metal salts such as aluminum, calcium, barium, or others. Most lake pigments are synthetically produced from coal tar or petroleum.

Common concerns

See how this product scores for common concerns.

LOW

Cancer
LOW

Allergies & Immunotoxicity
LOW

Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity
HIGH

Use Restrictions

Ingredient concerns

CONCERNS
DATA SOURCES

Products with this Ingredient

lipstick	1916 products
lip gloss	623 products
blush	286 products
lip balm	257 products
lip liner	179 products
eye shadow	80 products
lip plumper	48 products
bronzer/highlighter	33 products
foundation	20 products
glitter	20 products
body oil	18 products
facial powder	18 products
bath oil/salts/soak	12 products
setting powder/spray	11 products
nail polish	8 products
eye liner	7 products
lip balm with SPF	6 products
	5 products
mask	4 products
exfoliant/scrub	4 products
concealer	2 products
makeup primer	1 products
oil controller	1 products
makeup remover	1 products
hair spray	1 products
body wash/cleanser	1 products
body spray	1 products
body powder	1 products
depilatory	1 products
hair color and bleaching	1 products

Use restrictions

CONCERN	REFERENCE
Violation of government restrictions - Restricted in cosmetics; use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Color additive not approved by FDA for cosmetics used around eyes	FDA Color Additive Status
Violation of government restrictions - Restricted in cosmetics; use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - any	Open scientific literature
Determined safe for use in cosmetics, subject to concentration or use limitations - any	FDA Color Additive Status

Persistence and bioaccumulation

CONCERN	REFERENCE
Persistent or bioaccumulative and moderate to high toxicity concern in humans	Open scientific literature
Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife	Open scientific literature

Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)

CONCERN	REFERENCE
Classified as expected to be toxic or harmful	Open scientific literature
Limited evidence of any toxicity	Scorecard.org Toxicity Information
Classified as not expected to be potentially toxic or harmful	Environment Canada Domestic Substance List

Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)

CONCERN	REFERENCE
Limited evidence of eye irritation	Open scientific literature
One or more animal studies show any irritation at high doses	Open scientific literature

Developmental/reproductive toxicity

CONCERN	REFERENCE
any - weight of evidence unknown/unassessed	Open scientific literature

Cancer

CONCERN	REFERENCE
Cancer - weight of evidence unknown/unassessed	Open scientific literature

Ecotoxicology

CONCERN	REFERENCE
Suspected to be an environmental toxin and be persistent or bioaccumulative	Open scientific literature
Suspected to be an environmental toxin and be persistent or bioaccumulative (uncertainty in environmental toxicity or persistence/bioaccumulation)	Environment Canada Domestic Substance List
Wildlife and environmental toxicity	Open scientific literature
Suspected to be an environmental toxin	Open scientific literature
Uncertain environmental toxin and uncertain persistent or bioaccumulative	Environment Canada Domestic Substance List

Endocrine disruption

CONCERN	REFERENCE
Associated with endocrine disruption	Open scientific literature

Informational

CONCERN	REFERENCE
Industry or government recommendations for safe use: restrictions on concentration, impurities, product types, or manufacturing methods - Color Additives Lakes - Batch Certified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration	CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook
Industry or government recommendations for safe use: restrictions on concentration, impurities, product types, or manufacturing methods - any	Open scientific literature
Industry or government recommendations for safe use: restrictions on concentration, impurities, product types, or manufacturing methods - Color additive approved by FDA for use in cosmetics	FDA Color Additive Status

Data gaps

CONCERN	REFERENCE
0 studies in PubMed science library may include information on the toxicity of this chemical	NLM PubMed

FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) 2006. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Color Additive Status List. September 2006.
Open scientific/peer reviewed literature
ED (Environmental Defense). 2006. Scorecard _ The Pollution Information Site. http://www.scorecard.org.
EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry.
CTFA (Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association). 2006. International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 11th Edition. Color Additive Information. Washington, DC.
NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2012. PubMed online scientific bibliography data. http://www.pubmed.gov.

Understanding scores

Cosmetics and personal care products are not required to be tested for safety before being allowed on the market. The Skin Deep® scoring system was designed to help the public understand whether a product is safe to use or whether it contains ingredients of concern.

Every product and ingredient in Skin Deep gets a two-part score – one for hazard and one for data availability. The safest products score well by both measures, with a low hazard rating and a fair or better data availability rating.

HOW WE DETERMINE SCORES

Hazard score

The Skin Deep ingredient hazard score, from 1 to 10, reflects known and suspected hazards linked to the ingredients. The EWG VERIFIED™ mark means a product meets EWG’s strictest criteria for transparency and health.

Data availability

The Skin Deep data availability rating reflects the number of scientific studies about the product or ingredient in the published scientific literature.

NONE LIMITED FAIR GOOD ROBUST

Low Availability

Moderate Availability

High Availability