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CI 45410 (D&C Red No. 27 or 28)
Score:
Data: Fair
- Other Concerns
- Functions
- About the Chemical
- Synonyms
-
Use restrictions (high), Endocrine disruption (low), Persistence and bioaccumulation (moderate), Non-reproductive organ system toxicity (moderate), Ecotoxicology (low), and Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) (low)
Cancer 
Cancer: Ingredients linked to cancer in government, industry or academic studies or assessments.
Developmental & Reproductive Toxicity
Developmental and reproductive toxicity: Ingredients linked to developmental and reproductive toxicity, a broad class of health effects that range from infertility and reproductive organ cancers to birth defects and developmental delays in children.
Allergies & Immunotoxicity
Allergies and immunotoxicity: Ingredients linked to harm to the immune system, a class of health problems that manifest as allergic reactions or an impaired capacity to fight disease and repair damaged tissue in the body.
Products with this Ingredient
| lipstick | 573 products |
| eye liner | 83 products |
| lip gloss | 75 products |
| bath oil/salts/soak | 72 products |
| lip balm | 30 products |
| blush | 21 products |
| eye shadow | 8 products |
| lip balm with SPF | 7 products |
| bronzer/highlighter | 7 products |
| body wash/cleanser | 7 products |
| nail polish | 6 products |
| hair color and bleaching | 6 products |
| toothpaste | 4 products |
| moisturizer | 4 products |
| bar soap | 4 products |
| hair styling aide | 4 products |
| lip plumper | 4 products |
| body art | 3 products |
| bubble bath | 3 products |
| glitter | 2 products |
| 2 products | |
| mask | 2 products |
| exfoliant/scrub | 2 products |
| toners/astringents | 2 products |
| lip liner | 2 products |
| brow liner | 1 products |
| shampoo | 1 products |
| baby toothpaste | 1 products |
| body firming lotion | 1 products |
| shaving cream | 1 products |
Use restrictions
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Color additive not approved by FDA for cosmetics used around eyes | US. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2015. Color Additive Status. Appears as: listid: COLOR-121; Chemical_Name: D&C Red 28; ; |
| Violation of government restrictions - Restricted in cosmetics; use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Color additive not approved by FDA for cosmetics used around eyes | FDA Color Additive Status |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife | Canada PBTs - Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET) |
| Suspected persistent, bioaccumulative toxicant - Environment Canada, July 2006 chemical inventory review | Environment Canada 2015. Canada PBTs - Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET). Appears as: listid: PBT-CANADA-477; Chemical_Name: BENZOIC ACID, 2,3,4,5TETRACHLORO6(2,4,5,7TETRABROMO6HYDROXY3OXO3HXANTHEN9YL); ; CAS: 2134-15-8 |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Classified as expected to be toxic or harmful | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| This chemical was flagged for further attention by CEPA due to suspected aquatic toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation. | Environment Canada 2015. Domestic Substance List. Appears as: listid: ECDSL-04548; Chemical_Name: Benzoic acid, 2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-6-(2, 4,5,7-tetrabromo-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl) -; ; CAS: 2134-15-8 |
| Limited evidence of any toxicity | Klaassen, C, M. Amdur and J. Doull (eds.). Casarett and Doull |
| Classified as not expected to be potentially toxic or harmful | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Limited evidence of eye irritation | European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website |
| Irritating to the rabbit eye. | Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) 2012. Opinion on Acid Red 92. |
Cancer
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Increased incidence of pituitary tumors in mice. Mutagenicity observed in a bacerial cell assay but not mammalian tests (in vitro or in vivo). | Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) 2012. Opinion on Acid Red 92. |
Developmental/reproductive toxicity
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Limited evidence of teratogenicity in dietary exposure studies in mice. | Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) 2012. Opinion on Acid Red 92. |
Ecotoxicology
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Suspected to be an environmental toxin and be persistent or bioaccumulative | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| This chemical was flagged for further attention by CEPA due to suspected aquatic toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation. | Environment Canada 2015. Domestic Substance List. Appears as: listid: ECDSL-04548; Chemical_Name: Benzoic acid, 2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-6-(2, 4,5,7-tetrabromo-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl) -; ; CAS: 2134-15-8 |
| This chemical was flagged for further attention by CEPA due to suspected aquatic toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation. | Environment Canada 2015. Domestic Substance List. Appears as: listid: ECDSL-04548; Chemical_Name: Benzoic acid, 2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-6-(2, 4,5,7-tetrabromo-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl) -; ; CAS: 2134-15-8 |
| Suspected to be an environmental toxin and be persistent or bioaccumulative (uncertainty in environmental toxicity or persistence/bioaccumulation) | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| Wildlife and environmental toxicity | European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website |
| Suspected to be an environmental toxin | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
| Uncertain environmental toxin and uncertain persistent or bioaccumulative | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Endocrine disruption
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Modeling suggests this substance may interact with the androgen receptor. | National Toxicology Program (NTP) 2020. EWG Toxcast Analysis. Appears as: CAS: 13473-26-2; Chemical_Name: AKA218 |
Informational
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| Industry or government recommendations for safe use: restrictions on concentration, impurities, product types, or manufacturing methods - Color Additives - Batch Certified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration | CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook |
| Color additive not approved by FDA for cosmetics used around eyes | US. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2015. Color Additive Status. Appears as: listid: COLOR-120; Chemical_Name: D&C Red 27; ; |
| Industry or government recommendations for safe use: restrictions on concentration, impurities, product types, or manufacturing methods - Color additive approved by FDA for use in cosmetics | FDA Color Additive Status |
Data gaps
| Concern | Reference |
|---|---|
| 110 studies in PubMed science library may include information on the toxicity of this chemical | NLM PubMed |
Data Sources
- US. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2015. Color Additive Status. Appears as: listid: COLOR-121; Chemical_Name: D&C Red 28; ;
- FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) 2006. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Color Additive Status List. September 2006.
- EC (Environment Canada). 1994. Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET). ARET substance list of persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals.
- Environment Canada 2015. Canada PBTs - Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET). Appears as: listid: PBT-CANADA-477; Chemical_Name: BENZOIC ACID, 2,3,4,5TETRACHLORO6(2,4,5,7TETRABROMO6HYDROXY3OXO3HXANTHEN9YL); ; CAS: 2134-15-8
- EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry.
- Environment Canada 2015. Domestic Substance List. Appears as: listid: ECDSL-04548; Chemical_Name: Benzoic acid, 2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-6-(2, 4,5,7-tetrabromo-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl) -; ; CAS: 2134-15-8
- Klaassen, C, M. Amdur and J. Doull (eds.). Casarett and Doull
- European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 2018. GHS Data from ECHA Website
- Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) 2012. Opinion on Acid Red 92.
- National Toxicology Program (NTP) 2020. EWG Toxcast Analysis. Appears as: CAS: 13473-26-2; Chemical_Name: AKA218
- CTFA (Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association). 2006. International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 11th Edition. Color Additive Information. Washington, DC.
- US. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 2015. Color Additive Status. Appears as: listid: COLOR-120; Chemical_Name: D&C Red 27; ;
- NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2012. PubMed online scientific bibliography data. http://www.pubmed.gov.
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