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Data: Fair

Ci 45380 (D&C Red No. 21 Or 22)

IMAGE SOURCE: PubChem

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Other Concerns

Use restrictions (high), Endocrine disruption (low), Persistence and bioaccumulation (moderate), Non-reproductive organ system toxicity (moderate), Ecotoxicology (low), and Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) (low)

SYNONYMS

● 2',4',5',7',-TETRABROMO-3',6'-DIHYDROXYSPIRO[ISOBENZOFURAN-1(3H),9'-[9H]XANTHEN]-3-ONE, DISODIUM SALT
● 2',4',5',7'-TETRABROMO-3',6'-DIHYD ROXY DISODIUM SALT SPIRO[ISOBENZOFURAN-1[3H], 9'-[9H]-XANTHEN]-3-ONE
● 2',4',5',7'-TETRABROMO-3',6'-DIHYDROXY- DIPOTASSIUM SPIRO[ISOBENZOFURAN-1(3H),9'-[9H]XANTHEN]-3-ONE
● 2',4',5',7'-TETRABROMO-3',6'-DIHYDROXY- SPIRO[ISOBENZOFURAN-1(3H),9'-[9H]XANTHEN]-3-ONE
● 2',4',5',7'-TETRABROMO-3',6'-DIHYDROXYSP IRO[ISOBENZOFURAN-1(3H),9'-[9H]XANTHEN]-3-ONE
● 2',4',5',7'-TETRABROMO-3',6'-DIHYDROXYSPIRO[IS OBENZOFURAN-1(3H),9'-[9H]XANTHEN]-3-ONE
● 2',4',5',7'-TETRABROMO-3',6'-DIHYDROXYSPIRO[ISOBENZOFURAN-1(3H),9'-[9H]X ANTHEN]-3-ONE, DIPOTASSIUM SALT
● 2',4',5',7'-TETRABROMOFLUORESCIEN
● 2-(2,4,5,7-TETRABROMO-6-HYDROXY-3-OXO-3H-XANTHEN-9-YL)- BENZOIC ACID
● 2-(2,4,5,7-TETRABROMO-6-HYDROXY-3-OXO-3H-XANTHEN-9-YL)- DISODIUM SALT BENZOIC ACID
● 2-(3,6-DIHYDROXY-2,4,5,7-TETRABROMOXANTHEN-9-YL)-BENZOIC ACID
● 9'-[9H]-XANTHEN]-3-ONE 2',4',5',7'-TETRABROMO-3',6'-DIHYD ROXY DISODIUM SALT SPIRO[ISOBENZOFURAN-1[3H]
● ACID RED 87, POTASSIUM SALT
● ACID RED 87, SODIUM SALT
● AKA223
● AKA230(1)
● AKA230(2)
● BENZOIC ACID, 2-(2,4,5,7-TETRABROMO-6-HYDROXY-3-OXO-3H-XANTHEN-9-YL)-
● BENZOIC ACID, 2-(2,4,5,7-TETRABROMO-6-HYDROXY-3-OXO-3H-XANTHEN-9-YL)-, DISODIUM SALT
● CI 45380
● CI 45380 (D&C RED NO. 21 OR 22)
● CI 45380:2
● D&C RED 21
● D&C RED 22
● D&C RED 22 LAKE
● D&C RED NO. 21
● D&C RED NO. 22
● DIPOTASSIUM SALT 2',4',5',7'-TETRABROMO-3',6'-DIHYDROXYSPIRO[ISOBENZOFURAN-1(3H),9'-[9H]X ANTHEN]-3-ONE
● DIPOTASSIUM SPIRO[ISOBENZOFURAN-1(3H),9'-[9H]XANTHEN]-3-ONE, 2',4',5',7'-TETRABROMO-3',6'-DIHYDROXY-
● DISODIUM SALT 2',4',5',7',-TETRABROMO-3',6'-DIHYDROXYSPIRO[ISOBENZOFURAN-1(3H),9'-[9H]XANTHEN]-3-ONE
● DISODIUM SALT BENZOIC ACID, 2-(2,4,5,7-TETRABROMO-6-HYDROXY-3-OXO-3H-XANTHEN-9-YL)-
● JAPAN RED 223
● POTASSIUM SALT ACID RED 87
● RED 21
● RED 22
● RED 223
● RED 230
● RED 230(2)
● RED NO. 223
● RED NO. 230(2)
● SODIUM SALT ACID RED 87
● SPIRO[ISOBENZOFURAN-1(3H),9'-[9H]XANTHEN]-3-ONE, 2',4',5',7'-TETRABROMO-3',6'-DIHYDROXY-
● SPIRO[ISOBENZOFURAN-1(3H),9'-[9H]XANTHEN]-3-ONE, 2',4',5',7'-TETRABROMO-3',6'-DIHYDROXY-, DIPOTASSIUM
● SPIRO[ISOBENZOFURAN-1[3H], 9'-[9H]-XANTHEN]-3-ONE, 2',4',5',7'-TETRABROMO-3',6'-DIHYD ROXY DISODIUM SALT

Unacceptable

Unacceptable: EWG VERIFIED products cannot contain this ingredient


D&C Red 21 is a synthetic dye produced from petroleum or coal tar sources; this dye is FDA-approved for use in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

Common concerns

See how this product scores for common concerns.

  • LOW
    Cancer
  • LOW
    Allergies & Immunotoxicity
  • LOW
    Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity
  • HIGH
    Use Restrictions

Ingredient concerns

  • CONCERNS
  • DATA SOURCES

Products with this Ingredient

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lipstick377 products
nail polish83 products
lip liner66 products
eye liner59 products
lip gloss50 products
lip balm39 products
body oil18 products
hair color and bleaching8 products
bath oil/salts/soak8 products
eye shadow8 products
lip plumper6 products
blush5 products
moisturizer1 products
body powder1 products
1 products
body wash/cleanser1 products
nail glue1 products
bronzer/highlighter1 products

Use restrictions

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CONCERN REFERENCE
Violation of government restrictions - Banned or found unsafe for use in cosmeticsOpen scientific literature
Violation of government restrictions - Restricted in cosmetics; use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Color additive not approved by FDA for cosmetics used around eyesFDA Color Additive Status

Persistence and bioaccumulation

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CONCERN REFERENCE
Persistent or bioaccumulative and moderate to high toxicity concern in humansOpen scientific literature
Not suspected to be bioaccumulativeEnvironment Canada Domestic Substance List

Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)

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CONCERN REFERENCE
Classified as expected to be toxic or harmfulEnvironment Canada Domestic Substance List
Classified as not expected to be potentially toxic or harmfulEnvironment Canada Domestic Substance List

Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)

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CONCERN REFERENCE
Limited evidence of any irritationOpen scientific literature

Allergies/immunotoxicity

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CONCERN REFERENCE
Limited evidence of any toxicity or allergiesOpen scientific literature
One or more human case studies show equivocal any or allergenic effectsOpen scientific literature

Endocrine disruption

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CONCERN REFERENCE
Associated with endocrine disruptionOpen scientific literature

Ecotoxicology

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CONCERN REFERENCE
Suspected to be an environmental toxin and be persistent or bioaccumulativeEnvironment Canada Domestic Substance List
Suspected to be an environmental toxinEnvironment Canada Domestic Substance List
Not suspected to be an environmental toxinEnvironment Canada Domestic Substance List

Cancer

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CONCERN REFERENCE
Not likely to be carcinogenic in humansOpen scientific literature
Limited or incomplete evidence of cancer according to safety/hazard data – government assessment cannot classify as human carcinogen due to data gapsInt'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens

Informational

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CONCERN REFERENCE
Industry or government recommendations for safe use: restrictions on concentration, impurities, product types, or manufacturing methods - Color additive approved by FDA for use in cosmeticsFDA Color Additive Status
Industry or government recommendations for safe use: restrictions on concentration, impurities, product types, or manufacturing methods - Color Additives - Batch Certified by the U.S. Food and Drug AdministrationCTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook

Data gaps

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CONCERN REFERENCE
1689 studies in PubMed science library may include information on the toxicity of this chemicalNLM PubMed
  • Open scientific/peer reviewed literature
  • FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) 2006. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Color Additive Status List. September 2006.
  • EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry.
  • IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). 2008. Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity to Humans, as evaluated in IARC Monographs Volumes 1-99 (a total of 935 agents, mixtures and exposures).
  • CTFA (Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association). 2006. International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 11th Edition. Color Additive Information. Washington, DC.
  • NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2012. PubMed online scientific bibliography data. http://www.pubmed.gov.

Understanding scores

Cosmetics and personal care products are not required to be tested for safety before being allowed on the market. The Skin Deep® scoring system was designed to help the public understand whether a product is safe to use or whether it contains ingredients of concern.

Every product and ingredient in Skin Deep gets a two-part score – one for hazard and one for data availability. The safest products score well by both measures, with a low hazard rating and a fair or better data availability rating.

HOW WE DETERMINE SCORES

Hazard score

The Skin Deep ingredient hazard score, from 1 to 10, reflects known and suspected hazards linked to the ingredients. The EWG VERIFIED™ mark means a product meets EWG’s strictest criteria for transparency and health.

Score legend

Data availability

The Skin Deep data availability rating reflects the number of scientific studies about the product or ingredient in the published scientific literature.

NONE LIMITED FAIR GOOD ROBUST
Low Availability
Moderate Availability
High Availability

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