EWG Skin Deep® | What is D&C Red No. 17 (CI 26100)

HOW WE DETERMINE SCORES Learn more About EWG VERIFIED™

Data: Fair

D&C Red No. 17 (Ci 26100)

This ingredient’s score is higher if used in products intended for damaged skin due to increased risk of absorption.
This ingredient’s score is higher if used in products intended for use around mouth due to increased risk of ingestion and absorption.
This ingredient’s score is higher if used in products intended for use on lips due to increased risk of ingestion and absorption.
This ingredient’s score is higher if used in products intended for use around the eyes due to increased risk of absorption.
Products with the EWG VERIFIED mark have met the program’s impurity and use restrictions based on EWG's review of the company's data.

IMAGE SOURCE: PubChem

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Other Concerns

Use restrictions (high), Endocrine disruption (low), Persistence and bioaccumulation (moderate), Non-reproductive organ system toxicity (moderate), Ecotoxicology (low), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) (low), and Contamination concerns (high)

SYNONYMS

1-(4-(PHENYLAZO)PHENYLAZO)-2-NAPHTHOL, 1-(P-PHENYULAZOPHENYLAZO)- 2-NAPHTHOL, 1-[[4-(PHENYLAZO)PHENYL]AZO]- 2-NAPHTHALENOL, 1-[[4-(PHENYLAZO)PHENYL]AZO]-2-NAPHTHALENOL, 2-NAPHTHALENOL, 1-[[4-(PHENYLAZO)PHENYL]AZO]-, 2-NAPHTHOL, 1-(P-PHENYULAZOPHENYLAZO)-, 2NAPHTHALENOL, 1[[4(PHENYLAZO)PHENYL]AZO], AKA225, CI 26100, D&C RED 17, D&C RED NO. 17, D&C RED NO. 17 (CI 26100), FD&C RED 17, RED 17, RED 225, RED NO. 225, SUDAN III, SUDAN RED BK, and TETRAZOBENZENE-BETA-NAPHTHOL

Restricted

Restricted: EWG VERIFIED products cannot contain this ingredient without adequate substantiation

Red 17 is classed chemically as a disazo color.

Common concerns

See how this product scores for common concerns.

LOW

Cancer
LOW

Allergies & Immunotoxicity
LOW

Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity
HIGH

Use Restrictions

Ingredient concerns

CONCERNS
DATA SOURCES

Products with this Ingredient

hair treatment/serum	15 products
polish remover	9 products
body oil	4 products
nail polish	3 products
facial moisturizer/treatment	3 products
mask	2 products
hair color and bleaching	2 products
body spray	2 products
nail treatment	2 products
serums & essences	1 products
hair styling aide	1 products
recreational sunscreen	1 products
fragrance for men	1 products
hair-loss treatment	1 products
bar soap	1 products
tanning oil	1 products
fragrance for women	1 products
sunless tanning	1 products

Contamination concerns

Chemical
P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE

Use restrictions

CONCERN	REFERENCE
Violation of government restrictions - Restricted in cosmetics; use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Color additive approved by FDA for use in cosmetics: external use only	FDA Color Additive Status
Restricted in cosmetics (recommendations or requirements) - use, concentration, or manufacturing restrictions - Use is restricted in Canadian cosmetics	Canada - Prohibited and Restricted Cosmetics Ingredients

Persistence and bioaccumulation

CONCERN	REFERENCE
Persistent, bioaccumulative in wildlife	Canada PBTs - Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET)

Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)

CONCERN	REFERENCE
Classified as expected to be toxic or harmful	Environment Canada Domestic Substance List
Classified as toxic or harmful.	Open scientific literature

Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)

CONCERN	REFERENCE
Limited evidence of any irritation	Open scientific literature
Limited evidence of any irritation	Open scientific literature

Cancer

CONCERN	REFERENCE
Cancer - weight of evidence unknown/unassessed	Open scientific literature
Not likely to be carcinogenic in humans	Open scientific literature
Limited or incomplete evidence of cancer according to safety/hazard data – government assessment cannot classify as human carcinogen due to data gaps	Int'l Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Carcinogens

Endocrine disruption

CONCERN	REFERENCE
One or more studies show weak endocrine disruption	Open scientific literature
Associated with endocrine disruption	Open scientific literature

Ecotoxicology

CONCERN	REFERENCE
Suspected to be an environmental toxin and be persistent or bioaccumulative	Environment Canada Domestic Substance List
Suspected to be an environmental toxin	Environment Canada Domestic Substance List
Limited evidence of environmental toxicity or persistence	Open scientific literature

Informational

CONCERN	REFERENCE
Industry or government recommendations for safe use: restrictions on concentration, impurities, product types, or manufacturing methods - Color additive approved by FDA for use in cosmetics: external use only	FDA Color Additive Status
Industry or government recommendations for safe use: restrictions on concentration, impurities, product types, or manufacturing methods - Color Additives - Batch Certified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration	CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook

Data gaps

CONCERN	REFERENCE
409 studies in PubMed science library may include information on the toxicity of this chemical	NLM PubMed

FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) 2006. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Color Additive Status List. September 2006.
Health Canada. 2007. List of Prohibited and Restricted Cosmetic Ingredients. Canada's Cosmetic Ingredient Hotlist. March 2007.
EC (Environment Canada). 1994. Accelerated Reduction/Elimination of Toxics (ARET). ARET substance list of persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals.
EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry.
Open scientific/peer reviewed literature
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). 2008. Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity to Humans, as evaluated in IARC Monographs Volumes 1-99 (a total of 935 agents, mixtures and exposures).
CTFA (Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association). 2006. International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook, 11th Edition. Color Additive Information. Washington, DC.
NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2012. PubMed online scientific bibliography data. http://www.pubmed.gov.

Understanding scores

Cosmetics and personal care products are not required to be tested for safety before being allowed on the market. The Skin Deep® scoring system was designed to help the public understand whether a product is safe to use or whether it contains ingredients of concern.

Every product and ingredient in Skin Deep gets a two-part score – one for hazard and one for data availability. The safest products score well by both measures, with a low hazard rating and a fair or better data availability rating.

HOW WE DETERMINE SCORES

Hazard score

The Skin Deep ingredient hazard score, from 1 to 10, reflects known and suspected hazards linked to the ingredients. The EWG VERIFIED™ mark means a product meets EWG’s strictest criteria for transparency and health.

Data availability

The Skin Deep data availability rating reflects the number of scientific studies about the product or ingredient in the published scientific literature.

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Low Availability

Moderate Availability

High Availability