2-BROMO-2-NITROPROPANE-1,3-DIOL (FORMALDEHYDE RELEASER)
- Other Concerns
- Functions
- About the Chemical
- Synonyms
-
Use restrictions (low), Non-reproductive organ system toxicity (high), Ecotoxicology (low), Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs) (high), Occupational hazards (high), and Contamination concerns (high)
Cancer 

Cancer: Ingredients linked to cancer in government, industry or academic studies or assessments.
Developmental & Reproductive Toxicity 

Developmental and reproductive toxicity: Ingredients linked to developmental and reproductive toxicity, a broad class of health effects that range from infertility and reproductive organ cancers to birth defects and developmental delays in children.
Allergies & Immunotoxicity 

Allergies and immunotoxicity: Ingredients linked to harm to the immune system, a class of health problems that manifest as allergic reactions or an impaired capacity to fight disease and repair damaged tissue in the body.
Products with this Ingredient
makeup remover | 4 products |
body wash/cleanser | 3 products |
sunless tanning | 2 products |
conditioner | 2 products |
baby wipes | 1 products |
Contamination concerns
Chemical |
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FORMALDEHYDE |
NITROSAMINES |
Allergies/immunotoxicity
Concern | Reference |
---|---|
Known human skin toxicant or allergen | Formaldehyde - Global Harmonized System (GHS) |
Human skin toxicant or allergen - strong evidence | EWG Assessment of Open Scientific Literature |
Human any toxicant or allergen - strong evidence | De Groot AC 2010. Formaldehyde-releasers in cosmetics: relationship to formaldehyde contact allergy. Contact Dermatitis, 62: 2–17. |
Limited evidence of immune system toxicity or allergies | National Library of Medicine HazMap |
Irritation (skin, eyes, or lungs)
Concern | Reference |
---|---|
Classified as lung and skin irritant | CPS&Q - Classification & Labelling |
Organ system toxicity (non-reproductive)
Concern | Reference |
---|---|
Known human lung and skin toxicant | CPS&Q - Classification & Labelling |
Limited evidence of gastrointestinal or liver toxicity | US EPA Addition of Certain Chemicals; Toxic Chemical Release Reporting; Community Right to Know. Proposed and Final Rules. 59 Federal Register 1788 (Jan 12, 1994); 59 Federal Register 61432 (November 30, 1994). Summarized in Hazard Information on Toxic Chemicals Added to EPCRA Section 313 Under Chemical Expansion. http://www.epa.gov/tri/chemical/hazard_cx.htm |
One or more animal studies show classified as toxic effects at moderate doses (low dose studies may be unavailable for this ingredient) | EPA Toxic Release Inventory PBTs |
Classified as not expected to be potentially toxic or harmful | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Occupational hazards
Concern | Reference |
---|---|
Allowed workplace exposures restricted to low doses | CPS&Q - Classification & Labelling |
Cancer
Concern | Reference |
---|---|
Cancer - limited evidence | IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) 2008. Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity to Humans, as evaluated in IARC Monographs Volumes 1-99. |
Use restrictions
Concern | Reference |
---|---|
Determined safe for use in cosmetics, subject to concentration or use limitations - Safe for use in cosmetics with some qualifications | JACT 3(3):139-55, 1984 (Addendum) JEPT 4(4):47-61, 1980 (Original report) confirmed 09/03 IJT 25(S2), 2006 |
Ecotoxicology
Concern | Reference |
---|---|
Wildlife and environmental toxicity | CPS&Q - Classification & Labelling |
Suspected to be an environmental toxin | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Data gaps
Concern | Reference |
---|---|
Risk assessment method deficiencies and data gaps - Maximum reported "as used" concentration is basis of safety assessment by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) - implicit safe concentration limit in product | JACT 3(3):139-55, 1984 (Addendum) JEPT 4(4):47-61, 1980 (Original report) confirmed 09/03 IJT 25(S2), 2006 |
165 studies in PubMed science library may include information on the toxicity of this chemical | NLM PubMed |
Persistence and bioaccumulation
Concern | Reference |
---|---|
Not suspected to be persistent | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Not suspected to be bioaccumulative | Environment Canada Domestic Substance List |
Data Sources
- Formaldehyde - Global Harmonized System (GHS)
- EWG Assessment of Open Scientific Literature
- De Groot AC 2010. Formaldehyde-releasers in cosmetics: relationship to formaldehyde contact allergy. Contact Dermatitis, 62: 2–17.
- NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2006. HazMap — Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Agents.
- CPS&Q (Consumer Products Safety & Quality) formely known as ECB (European Chemicals Bureau). 2008. Classification and Labelling: Chemicals: Annex VI of Directive 67/548/EEC through the 31st ATP.
- US EPA Addition of Certain Chemicals; Toxic Chemical Release Reporting; Community Right to Know. Proposed and Final Rules. 59 Federal Register 1788 (Jan 12, 1994); 59 Federal Register 61432 (November 30, 1994). Summarized in Hazard Information on Toxic Chemicals Added to EPCRA Section 313 Under Chemical Expansion. http://www.epa.gov/tri/chemical/hazard_cx.htm
- EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1999. Toxics Release Inventory Program. PBT Chemical Rule.
- EC (Environment Canada). 2008. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) Environmental Registry.
- IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) 2008. Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity to Humans, as evaluated in IARC Monographs Volumes 1-99.
- JACT 3(3):139-55, 1984 (Addendum) JEPT 4(4):47-61, 1980 (Original report) confirmed 09/03 IJT 25(S2), 2006
- NLM (National Library of Medicine). 2012. PubMed online scientific bibliography data. http://www.pubmed.gov.
- This ingredient’s score is higher if used in products that are inhalable (e.g., sprays, powders) because of respiratory concerns.
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